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📁 Perl 编程技巧大全。适合初学者阅读。
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            <FONT color=3D#ffa500>for</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$k</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>range<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$m1cols<FONT color=3D#00ffff>))</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
                $result-&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>$i<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>][</FONT>$j<FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT> +=3D =
$m1-&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>$i<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>][</FONT>$k<FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT> * =
$m2-&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>$k<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>][</FONT>$j<FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>
            <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>return</FONT> $result<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>sub</FONT> <FONT color=3D#b2dfee>range</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT> .. <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>$_</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT> - <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>sub</FONT> <FONT color=3D#b2dfee>veclen</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> $ary_<FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>ref</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#cdad00>$_</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$type</FONT> =
=3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>ref</FONT> $ary_<FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>ref</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$type =
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>ne</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"ARRAY"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"$type is bad array ref for $ary_ref"</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>return</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>scalar</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>@$ary_<FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>ref</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>sub</FONT> <FONT color=3D#b2dfee>matdim</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$matrix</FONT> =
=3D <FONT color=3D#cdad00>$_</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$rows</FONT> =
=3D veclen<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$matrix<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$cols</FONT> =
=3D veclen<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$matrix-&gt;<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]);</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>return</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$rows, $cols<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>PDL</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$a =3D pdl <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>5</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>9</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>8</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>

$b =3D pdl <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>4</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>7</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>9</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>8</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>

$c =3D $a <FONT color=3D#98fb98>x</FONT> $b<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>  <FONT color=3D#bebebe># x overload
#-----------------------------
# mmult() and other subroutines as above
</FONT>
$x =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>
       <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT>, =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
       <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>5</FONT>, =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>9</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>8</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>

$y =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>
       <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>4</FONT>, =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>7</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
       <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>9</FONT>, =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
       <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>8</FONT>, =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>

$z =3D mmult<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$x, $y<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN115>Using Complex Numbers</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# $c =3D $a * $b manually
</FONT>$c_real =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> $a_real * $b_real =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> - <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> =
$a_imaginary * $b_imaginary <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$c_imaginary =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> $a_real * $b_imaginary =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> + <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> $b_real =
* $a_imaginary <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# $c =3D $a * $b using Math::Complex
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Math::Complex</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$c =3D $a * $b<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$a_real =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> $a_imaginary =3D <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>5</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>              =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># 3 + 5i;
</FONT>$b_real =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> $b_imaginary =3D <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>-2</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>             =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># 2 - 2i;
</FONT>$c_real =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> $a_real * $b_real =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> - <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> =
$a_imaginary * $b_imaginary <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$c_imaginary =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> $a_real * $b_imaginary =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> + <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> $b_real =
* $a_imaginary <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"c =3D =
${c_real}+${c_imaginary}i\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

c =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>16</FONT>+4i
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Math::Complex</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$a =3D Math::Complex-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT>,<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>5</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>               <FONT color=3D#bebebe># or =
Math::Complex-&gt;new(3,5);
</FONT>$b =3D Math::Complex-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT>,<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>-2</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$c =3D $a * $b<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"c =3D =
$c\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

c =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>16</FONT>+4i
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Math::Complex</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$c =3D cplx<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT>,<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>5</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> * cplx<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT>,<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>-2</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>                <FONT color=3D#bebebe># easier =
on the eye
</FONT>$d =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>3</FONT> + <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>4</FONT>*i<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>                 =
              <FONT color=3D#bebebe># 3 + 4i
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"sqrt($d) =3D </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>\n"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>sqrt</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$d<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe># sqrt(3+4i) =3D 2+i
#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN118>Converting Between Octal and =
Hexadecimal</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$number =3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>hex</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$hexadecimal<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>      =
   <FONT color=3D#bebebe># hexadecimal
</FONT>$number =3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>oct</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$octal<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>            =
   <FONT color=3D#bebebe># octal
#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Gimme a =
number in decimal, octal, or hex: "</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$num =3D &lt;STDIN&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>chomp</FONT> $num<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>exit</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>unless</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>defined</FONT> $num<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$num =3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>oct</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$num<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> $num =3D~ /^<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT>/<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#bebebe># does both oct and hex
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%d</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%x</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%o</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>\n"</FONT>, $num, $num, $num<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Enter =
file permission in octal: "</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$permissions =3D &lt;STDIN&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Exiting =
...\n"</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>unless</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>defined</FONT> $permissions<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>chomp</FONT> $permissions<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$permissions =3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>oct</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$permissions<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>   =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># permissions always octal
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"The =
decimal value is $permissions\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN121>Putting Commas in Numbers</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>sub</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>commify</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$text</FONT> =
=3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>reverse</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>$_</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>
    $text =3D~ <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>s</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>\d\d\d<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)(</FONT>?=3D\d<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)(</FONT>?!\d*\.<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>/$<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT>,/g<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>return</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>scalar</FONT> <FONT color=3D#98fb98>reverse</FONT> =
$text<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# more reasonable web counter :-)
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>Math::TrulyRandom</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$hits =3D truly_random_value<FONT color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>       <FONT =
color=3D#bebebe># negative hits!
</FONT>$output =3D <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Your web page received $hits =
accesses last month.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> commify<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$output<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
Your web page received <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>-1</FONT>,<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>740</FONT>,<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>525</FONT>,<FONT =
12345

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