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Subject: Arrays
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 09:26:01 +0800
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<H1 class=3DSECT1><A name=3DARRAYS>4. Arrays</A></H1>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN170>Introduction</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@nested</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>"this"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"that"</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"the"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"other"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@nested</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>"this"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"that"</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"the"</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"other"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>));</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@tune</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"The"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"Star-Spangled"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"Banner"</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN173>Specifying a List In Your =
Program</A></H2>
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  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@a</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>"quick"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"brown"</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"fox"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@a</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Why are you =
teasing me?<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@lines</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>&lt;&lt;<FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"END_OF_HERE_DOC"</FONT> =3D~ <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>m</FONT>/^\s*<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>.+<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>/gm<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
    The boy stood on the burning deck,
    It was as hot as glass.
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>END</FONT>_OF_HERE_DOC
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@bigarray</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>open</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>DATA, =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"&lt; mydatafile"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>       <FONT color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Couldn't read from =
datafile: $!\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>&lt;DATA&gt;<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>chomp</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>push</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>@bigarray</FONT>, $_<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$banner =3D <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'The Mines of =
Moria'</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$banner =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>q</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>The Mines of Moria<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$name   =3D  <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Gandalf"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$banner =3D <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"Speak, $name, and enter!"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$banner =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>qq</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Speak, $name, <FONT color=3D#98fb98>and</FONT> =
welcome!<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$his_host   =3D <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'www.perl.com'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$host_info  =3D <FONT color=3D#00cd00>`nslookup $his_host`</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> <FONT color=3D#bebebe># expand Perl variable
</FONT>
$perl_info  =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>qx</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>ps $$<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>            =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># that's Perl's $$
</FONT>$shell_info =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>qx</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'ps $$'</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>            =
<FONT color=3D#bebebe># that's the new shell's $$
#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@banner</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>'Costs'</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'only'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'$4.95'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@banner</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Costs only $<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>4.95</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@banner</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>split</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>' '</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'Costs only =
$4.95'</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@brax</FONT>   =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT>! <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> &lt; &gt; <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT> !<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@rings</FONT>  =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Nenya Narya =
Vilya<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@tags</FONT>   =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT>&lt;LI TABLE TR TD A IMG H1 P&gt;<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@sample</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>The vertical bar =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>|<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> looks =
<FONT color=3D#98fb98>and</FONT> behaves like a <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>pipe</FONT>.<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@banner</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT>|The vertical bar <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>\|<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> looks <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>and</FONT> behaves like a <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>pipe</FONT>.|<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@ships</FONT>  =3D <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Ni=F1a Pinta =
Santa Mar=EDa<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>               <FONT =
color=3D#bebebe># WRONG
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@ships</FONT>  =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>'Ni=F1a'</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'Pinta'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'Santa =
Mar=EDa'</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>         <FONT =
color=3D#bebebe># right
#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN176>Printing a List with Commas</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>sub</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>commify_series</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@_</FONT> =3D=3D =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> ? <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>''</FONT>                                      :
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@_</FONT> =3D=3D =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> ? <FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>$_</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>                   =
                :
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@_</FONT> =3D=3D =
<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> ? <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>join</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>" and "</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdad00>@_</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>                       :
                <FONT color=3D#98fb98>join</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>", "</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>@_</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT> .. <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>$#_</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>-1</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)]</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"and </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>$_</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>[-1]"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@array</FONT> =3D <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>"red"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"yellow"</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"green"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"I have =
"</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdad00>@array</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>" =
marbles.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>print</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"I have =
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@array</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00> =
marbles.\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
I have redyellowgreen marbles.

I have red yellow green marbles.
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# <FONT size=3D-1><A =
href=3D"http://pleac.sourceforge.net/include/perl/ch04/commify_series">do=
wnload the following standalone program</A></FONT>
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# commify_series - show proper comma insertion in list output
</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@lists</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'just one =
thing'</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Mutt Jeff<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>Peter Paul Mary<FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'To our =
parents'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'Mother Theresa'</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'God'</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'pastrami'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'ham and =
cheese'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'peanut butter and jelly'</FONT>, =
<FONT color=3D#00cd00>'tuna'</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'recycle tired, =
old phrases'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'ponder big, happy =
thoughts'</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT>,
    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'recycle tired, =
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