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From: <由 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 保存>
Subject: Web Automation
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 09:28:14 +0800
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="gb2312"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_perl/webautomation.html
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" =
"http://www.w3c.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Web Automation</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dgb2312">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2900.5659" name=3DGENERATOR><LINK =
title=3DPLEAC-Perl=20
href=3D"index.html" rel=3DHOME><LINK title=3D"CGI Programming"=20
href=3D"cgiprogramming.html" rel=3DPREVIOUS><LINK title=3DHelpers =
href=3D"a1102.html"=20
rel=3DNEXT></HEAD>
<BODY class=3DSECT1 text=3D#cecece vLink=3D#d5ae83 aLink=3D#0000ff =
link=3D#f5deb3=20
bgColor=3D#4f6f6f>
<DIV class=3DNAVHEADER>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%"=20
summary=3D"Header navigation table" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TH align=3Dmiddle colSpan=3D3>PLEAC-Perl</TH></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dleft width=3D"10%"><A accessKey=3DP=20
      =
href=3D"http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_perl/cgiprogramming.html">Prev=
</A></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle width=3D"80%"></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dright width=3D"10%"><A accessKey=3DN=20
      =
href=3D"http://pleac.sourceforge.net/pleac_perl/a1102.html">Next</A></TD>=
</TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<HR align=3Dleft width=3D"100%">
</DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT1>
<H1 class=3DSECT1><A name=3DWEBAUTOMATION>20. Web Automation</A></H1>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN1054>Introduction</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-category/<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>15</FONT>_World_Wide_Web_HTML_HTTP_CGI/
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN1057>Fetching a URL from a Perl =
Script</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>LWP::Simple</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
$content =3D get<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$URL<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>LWP::Simple</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>unless</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>defined</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$content =
=3D get $URL<FONT color=3D#00ffff>))</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"could not =
get $URL\n"</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
# <FONT size=3D-1><A =
href=3D"http://pleac.sourceforge.net/include/perl/ch20/titlebytes">downlo=
ad the following standalone program</A></FONT>
#!/usr/bin/perl -w</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>
# titlebytes - find the title and size of documents</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe>
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>LWP::UserAgent</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>HTTP::Request</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>HTTP::Response</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>URI::Heuristic</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$raw_url</FONT> =
=3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>shift</FONT>                <FONT =
color=3D#98fb98>or</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>die</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"usage: $0 url\n"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$url</FONT> =3D =
URI::Heuristic::uf_urlstr<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$raw_url<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$| =3D <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> 					=
				<FONT color=3D#bebebe># to flush next line</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT><FONT color=3D#bebebe>
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> =3D&gt;\n\t"</FONT>, $url<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$ua</FONT> =3D =
LWP::UserAgent-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
$ua-&gt;agent<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"Schmozilla/v9.14 Platinum"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT> <FONT color=3D#bebebe># give it time, it'll =
get there
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$req</FONT> =
=3D HTTP::Request-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>GET</FONT> =3D&gt; $url<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>
$req-&gt;referer<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"http://wizard.yellowbrick.oz"</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
			                            <FONT color=3D#bebebe># perplex the log =
analysers
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$response</FONT> =3D $ua-&gt;request<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$req<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>if</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$response-&gt;is_error<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>())</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
     <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00cd00>" =
</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT color=3D#00cd00>\n"</FONT>, =
$response-&gt;status_line<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
 <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT> <FONT color=3D#ffa500>else</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
     <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$count</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
     <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$bytes</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
     <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$content</FONT> =3D $response-&gt;content<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
     $bytes =3D <FONT color=3D#98fb98>length</FONT> $content<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
     $count =3D <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$content =3D~ <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>tr</FONT>/\n/\n/<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
     <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>printf</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%s</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> (</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%d</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> lines, </FONT><FONT color=3D#cdcd00>%d</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00> bytes)\n"</FONT>, $response-&gt;title<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>()</FONT>, $count, $bytes<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT><FONT color=3D#43cd80> </FONT>

<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
#% titlebytes http://www.tpj.com/
#http://www.tpj.com/ =3D&gt;
#    The Perl Journal (109 lines, 4530 bytes)
#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN1060>Automating Form Submission</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>LWP::Simple</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>URI::URL</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

<FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$url</FONT> =3D =
url<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'http://www.perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$url-&gt;query_form<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>module</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'DB_File'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>readme</FONT> =
=3D&gt; <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$content =3D get<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$url<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>HTTP::Request::Common</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>qw</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>POST<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>LWP::UserAgent</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$ua =3D LWP::UserAgent-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>();</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$req</FONT> =3D =
POST <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'http://www.perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod'</FONT>,
               <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>module</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'DB_File'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>readme</FONT> =
=3D&gt; <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>1</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>];</FONT>
$content =3D $ua-&gt;request<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$req<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT>-&gt;as_string<FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>field1=3Dvalue1&amp;field2=3Dvalue2&amp;field3=3Dvalue3
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>http://www.site.com/path/to/
script.cgi?field1=3Dvalue1&amp;field2=3Dvalue2&amp;field3=3Dvalue3
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>http://www.site.com/path/to/
script.cgi?arg=3D%22this+isn%27t+%3CEASY%3E+%<FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>26</FONT>+%3CFUN%3E%<FONT color=3D#cdcd00>22</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>$ua-&gt;proxy<FONT color=3D#00ffff>([</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'http'</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#00cd00>'ftp'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>]</FONT> =3D&gt; <FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>'http://proxy.myorg.com:8081'</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT></PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV class=3DSECT2>
<H2 class=3DSECT2><A name=3DAEN1063>Extracting URLs</A></H2>
<TABLE width=3D"100%" bgColor=3D#2f4f4f border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><PRE class=3DSCREEN><FONT color=3D#f5deb3 size=3D+1><FONT =
color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#ffa500>use</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#b2dfee>HTML::LinkExtor</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>

$parser =3D HTML::LinkExtor-&gt;new<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#ff7f50>undef</FONT>, $base_url<FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
$parser-&gt;parse_file<FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT>$filename<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@links</FONT> =3D $parser-&gt;links<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#ffa500>foreach</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$linkarray</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>@links</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>@element</FONT> =3D @$linkarray<FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$elt_type</FONT> =3D <FONT color=3D#ff7f50>shift</FONT> =
<FONT color=3D#cdad00>@element</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>;</FONT>      =
            <FONT color=3D#bebebe># element type
</FONT>
    <FONT color=3D#bebebe># possibly test whether this is an element =
we're interested in
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#ffa500>while</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#cdad00>@element</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> <FONT color=3D#00ffff>{</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#bebebe># extract the next attribute and its value
</FONT>        <FONT color=3D#ffa500>my</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT color=3D#9ac0cd>$attr_name</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#9ac0cd>$attr_value</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>)</FONT> =3D =
<FONT color=3D#ff7f50>splice</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>(</FONT><FONT =
color=3D#cdad00>@element</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#cdcd00>0</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#cdcd00>2</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>);</FONT>
        <FONT color=3D#bebebe># ... do something with them ...
</FONT>    <FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#00ffff>}</FONT>
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT>&lt;A HREF=3D<FONT =
color=3D#00cd00>"http://www.perl.com/"</FONT>&gt;Home page&lt;/A&gt;
&lt;IMG SRC=3D<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"images/big.gif"</FONT> =
LOWSRC=3D<FONT color=3D#00cd00>"images/big-lowres.gif"</FONT>&gt;
<FONT color=3D#bebebe>#-----------------------------
</FONT><FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT>
  <FONT color=3D#00ffff>[</FONT> a,   <FONT color=3D#00cd00>href</FONT>  =
 =3D&gt; <FONT color=3D#00cd00>"http://www.perl.com/"</FONT> <FONT =
12345

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