rfc1359.txt

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   Several IP service providers offer dialup access to a connection
   service.  Such a service provides only remote login capabilities or
   other limited functions by calling a local phone number and setting
   up a single function environment.  A terminal emulator is used from a
   MAC or a PC.  The service can support speeds from 2.4Kb - 19.2 Kb.
   Providers usually charge a flat-rate connection fee as opposed to a
   connection fee and traffic charge.

   As each type of connection alternative is examined, the organization
   must consider the technical evolution and cost projections.  The
   appropriate campus agency (usually an information or
   telecommunications area) should inventory the existing campus
   networking.  For those organizations that do currently have a campus
   network, the inventory will provide valuable input to the development
   of a short and long term technology evolution strategy.

   If a campus network does not yet exist, the development of a campus
   networking strategy may have the effect of an upgrade of technology
   throughout the campus.  In either case, the question of how to get
   network connectivity to the workstations on the faculty and staff
   desks, large user rooms, residence halls, libraries and campus stores
   must eventually be addressed.

   A connection to the Internet does not always imply the development of
   a campus-wide network.  In some cases, it may be appropriate for only
   a small segment of the organization's community to have access to the
   Internet.  Often, organizations will use such a strategy as a way to
   introduce the technology to a small group of enthusiastic customers
   who become champions in their own right.

3.4  Connection Service Providers

   There are several organizations, not-for-profit and commercial, that
   now offer connectivity services to the Internet.  Refer to Appendix A
   for a partial list.

   There is no hard and fast rule specifying to whom an organization
   should approach for a connection.  Historically, there has been a



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   tendency for an academic institution to become a member of the
   closest mid-level network.  The best approach, given the growing
   number of IP service providers, is to consider all the providers that
   offer services in the region, consider the variety and quality of
   services offered within in the framework of the organization's
   requirements and make an informed decision based on that information.

3.5  Sample Questions for Connection Services Providers

   It is often hard to know what questions should be asked while
   evaluating different service providers.  The following set of
   questions have been included at a starting point for any discussion
   with an IP service provider.

3.5.1  Sample Questions

      a) What connection services do they offer?  Please describe in
         detail (i.e., until you understand what they are talking
         about).

      b) What is the cost?

      c) What is included in the cost?
              -the circuit cost (installation and monthly charge)
              -the router (cost of onsite router, cost of offsite
               router)
              -hardware/software
              -maintenance, of what??
              -membership fee

      d) Is there any other kind of charge not included in the upfront
         cost?

      e) What are their support services?
              -NOC?
              -NIC?
              -What do they mean by either organization?

      f) Do they fix the router when it's broken?

      g) Do they require 24 hour access to the physical location?

      h) Do they require an onsite person be available to them to
         assist in problem diagnosis?

      i) What training is available?  Is it included in above cost??

      j) Do they have an acceptable use policy?



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      k) Is there an annual meeting?

      l) Do they have dedicated (i.e., full time), professional staff?

      m) Are there limitations to connecting to other parts of the
         Internet (i.e., can you everywhere you need to get?)?

      n) To whom else do they provide service?
              -references?

   If any of this information is confidential, consider finding another
   service provider.

3.6  Cost Assessment

   An organization contemplating a connection to the Internet should be
   careful to consider not only the physical connection and startup
   costs but also the costs of supporting the resulting service
   infrastructure.  This infrastructure includes the development and
   continued support of a campus-wide network.  At some universities,
   this network may only support data, but at many universities and
   other organizations, the development of a campus-wide network must
   evolve to consider data, voice, and video as the applications and
   requirements of information technologies supported by internetworking
   technologies expand.

   The Internet provides access to a wide variety of resources and a
   broad set of functions and services which may or may not have been
   available locally.  Support staff will require education and training
   to support and in turn train the faculty, other staff, and students
   in the use of the new technology and new resources made available.
   This training may mean strategic re-orientation and deployment of
   campus networking information services.  The costs of such added-
   value services should be planned for in advance.

   Increased use of the campus network will make additional demands on
   existing network technical staff.  Areas of the institution not
   currently participating in data network services will want to
   participate.  While not all of these services can be exactly
   quantified in terms of costs, they must be anticipated and
   incorporated into campus planning for an Internet connection.  These
   areas may include libraries, dormitories, student services, and data
   depositories.

   The implementation of an Internet connection provides the impetus for
   the development of a campus-wide strategy for the use of information
   technologies which may otherwise have never been accessible.  It may
   be difficult to quantify such benefits but they must be included in



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   the justification process.  The benefits can include access to
   expensive, scientific instruments such as computational services
   (i.e., massively parallel supercomputers) or particle accelerators.
   Clearly, this access means that the organization will have the use of
   these facilities without the cost of buying one, thus provide an
   effective recruiting tool for bright, young PHD's who require this
   kind of resource.

4.  Initial Implementation and Startup Phase

   Once the institution decides to connect to the Internet, several
   tasks should get underway. In rough terms, the tasks relate to
   policy, process definition, education, promotion, technical and
   fiscal issues.  Several of these tasks should be addressed
   simultaneously.

4.1  Policy Issues

   The campus community should develop guidelines for acceptable use of
   the network.  These guidelines not only include policies governing
   the use of the campus net, but now extend to guidelines for the
   appropriate use of the Internet as well.  Appropriate use policy must
   include policies developed by the Internet community.  NSF has an
   acceptable use policy which applies to use of the backbone networks
   they provide.  See Appendix B.  Each of the mid-level networks as
   well as other organizations with their own backbone networks have
   their own acceptable use policy, which may not be the same as that of
   NSF's.  It is important to be aware of the limitations or lack of
   limitations when connecting and using various networks.

   The development of an acceptable use policy, in addition to providing
   protection to the institution provides an excellent opportunity to
   develop campus guidelines for privacy and security issues for
   computing in general.  Guidelines about data available on the network
   and the proper use of that data and how data may be properly used and
   who may properly use it, issues of copyright and attribution
   requirements of FTP-able documents; all these topics should be
   considered.

   Ethical guidelines concerning the use and possible misuse of software
   and data banks available over the Internet must be carefully
   developed and published across the institution and in the hands of
   faculty, staff, and students.  Considerable work has already been
   expended in developing several good references which can be used to
   guide the development of these policies.  See FYI 8, RFC 1244, "Site
   Security Handbook" [1].





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   In order to maximize usage for the entire Internet community, the
   campus community must learn proper etiquette in the use of the
   network, including such issues as the management of large files, data
   compression, and the efficient use of electronic mail.  See RFC 1087,
   "Ethics and the Internet" [2].

4.2  Connection to the Mid-level Network

   By this time, the organization should have decided what type of
   connection they want and with which service provider they will be
   working.  There are specific technical details which must be
   addressed in the initial deployment of the connection.  There is the
   evaluation of hardware and software.  The mid-level network or
   institution providing the connection is often an excellent resource
   to complement the on-campus group in determining the best
   configuration.  It is vital to understand before this time exactly
   what items the organization will be required to purchase or that will
   be provided at part of a fee-based service.  (Refer back to the
   sample set of questions.)

4.3  IP Addresses and Domain Names

   Every organization connecting to the network must have a unique
   identifier.  This identifier is known as the campus IP network
   address.  In addition to a numerical identifier, most organizations
   also get what is known as a domain name.  It is through the numerical
   address and the domain name that the organization's hosts will become
   know throughout the Internet.

   An organization must register with the authority that assigns a IP
   addresses and for a domain name.  The IP address is assigned by the
   Internet Address Naming Authority (IANA).  The Domain Name is picked
   by the organization.  A domain name is simply a character string that
   maps to the IP address.  It makes it easier for humans to remember
   than a unique set of numbers.  It is beyond the scope of this
   document to include a tutorial on IP addresses and domain names.  For
   more information on IP addresses and domain names, refer to Doug
   Comer's textbook, "Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles,
   Protocols, and Architectures" [3].  (See also FYI 5, RFC 1178,
   "Choosing a Name for Your Computer" [4].)

   There are different classes of Internet addresses, which correspond
   to the number of hosts an organization anticipates connecting to its
   networks.  Thus the campus should carefully consider the planned
   growth of its own network in applying for the appropriate class of
   membership.  The IP service provider is an excellent source of advice
   in choosing a membership class.




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   At this time, there is no cost associated with registration for IP
   addresses or domain names.

   The actual procedure for applying for the IP address and domain name
   should be explained and is often provided to the connecting
   organization by the IP service provider.

4.4  Technical Issues

   The installation itself should occur with with as little disruption
   to the campus network as possible.  To accomplish a such deployment,
   the organization should develop a complete plan of action, which
   would include the following steps (some may be simultaneous; some may
   be done by the service provider; the list is not exhaustive):

      a)  order, install, test circuit or phone line

      b)  IP address and domain name registration

      c)  hardware purchasing/delivery

      d)  routing configurations/reconfig campus network

      e)  bring up router, test end-to-end connectivity

      f)  make available to campus

4.5  Support

   Perhaps the most challenging task in the initial deployment of the
   Internet connection is the resulting reorientation of network
   technical and network information services.  There are added
   responsibilities for network management as well as added network
   information services to support the connection.  Cognizant
   administrators must recognize, plan and budget for these added tasks.
   Administration must also ensure that there is a clear delineation of
   duties among technical and network information services staff to
   avoid needless duplication of effort or conflict.

   Concurrent with the deployment of the network, the education of the
   user community is critical.  This includes creation of documentation
   on basic information about the Internet and specific campus resources
   as well as details on remote resources (library catalogs, information
   servers, etc) and how to use them.

   Many organizations have already created excellent documentation that
   they are willing to share.  They generally only require attribution
   in return for distribution rights (for educational purposes only).



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4.6  Training

   Networking problems experienced by end-users are often the result of
   mis-information or campus-specific configurations as opposed to
   problems at the mid-level or backbone.  An investment in staff and
   user training and documentation at the beginning of the network
   deployment is an investment that will show a clear return in the long
   term.

   User training is critical but depending on the size of the campus, it
   is impossible to expect the support staff to train users on an
   individual basis.  Rather, it's important to consider developing and
   promoting a hierarchy of support personal, so the central support
   staff is actually training the trainers who then go out and support
   their particular group of users.

   The most critical course taught to users is on local information on
   the basic functions of the network, electronic mail, file transfer,
   and remote login.  Good documentation will help promote the
   successful use of the network.  Documentation should be clear,
   concise and to the point.  During the training, it is important to
   address the most commonly asked questions first.

4.7  Promotion