rfc2581.txt

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   The Internet to a considerable degree relies on the correct
   implementation of these algorithms in order to preserve network
   stability and avoid congestion collapse.  An attacker could cause TCP
   endpoints to respond more aggressively in the face of congestion by
   forging excessive duplicate acknowledgments or excessive
   acknowledgments for new data.  Conceivably, such an attack could
   drive a portion of the network into congestion collapse.

6.  Changes Relative to RFC 2001

   This document has been extensively rewritten editorially and it is
   not feasible to itemize the list of changes between the two
   documents. The intention of this document is not to change any of the
   recommendations given in RFC 2001, but to further clarify cases that
   were not discussed in detail in 2001. Specifically, this document
   suggests what TCP connections should do after a relatively long idle
   period, as well as specifying and clarifying some of the issues
   pertaining to TCP ACK generation.  Finally, the allowable upper bound
   for the initial congestion window has also been raised from one to
   two segments.

Acknowledgments

   The four algorithms that are described were developed by Van
   Jacobson.

   Some of the text from this document is taken from "TCP/IP
   Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" by W. Richard Stevens
   (Addison-Wesley, 1994) and "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The
   Implementation" by Gary R. Wright and W.  Richard Stevens (Addison-
   Wesley, 1995).  This material is used with the permission of
   Addison-Wesley.



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   Neal Cardwell, Sally Floyd, Craig Partridge and Joe Touch contributed
   a number of helpful suggestions.

References

   [AFP98]  Allman, M., Floyd, S. and C. Partridge, "Increasing TCP's
            Initial Window Size, RFC 2414, September 1998.

   [Bra89]  Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts --
            Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.

   [Bra97]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
            Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [Cla82]  Clark, D., "Window and Acknowledgment Strategy in TCP", RFC
            813, July 1982.

   [FF96]   Fall, K. and S. Floyd, "Simulation-based Comparisons of
            Tahoe, Reno and SACK TCP", Computer Communication Review,
            July 1996. ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/sacks.ps.Z.

   [FH98]   Floyd, S. and T. Henderson, "The NewReno Modification to
            TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm", RFC 2582, April 1999.

   [Flo94]  Floyd, S., "TCP and Successive Fast Retransmits. Technical
            report", October 1994.
            ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/fastretrans.ps.

   [Hoe96]  Hoe, J., "Improving the Start-up Behavior of a Congestion
            Control Scheme for TCP", In ACM SIGCOMM, August 1996.

   [HTH98]  Hughes, A., Touch, J. and J. Heidemann, "Issues in TCP
            Slow-Start Restart After Idle", Work in Progress.

   [Jac88]  Jacobson, V., "Congestion Avoidance and Control", Computer
            Communication Review, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 314-329, Aug.
            1988.  ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/congavoid.ps.Z.

   [Jac90]  Jacobson, V., "Modified TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm",
            end2end-interest mailing list, April 30, 1990.
            ftp://ftp.isi.edu/end2end/end2end-interest-1990.mail.

   [MD90]   Mogul, J. and S. Deering, "Path MTU Discovery", RFC 1191,
            November 1990.







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   [MM96a]  Mathis, M. and J. Mahdavi, "Forward Acknowledgment: Refining
            TCP Congestion Control", Proceedings of SIGCOMM'96, August,
            1996, Stanford, CA.  Available
            fromhttp://www.psc.edu/networking/papers/papers.html

   [MM96b]  Mathis, M. and J. Mahdavi, "TCP Rate-Halving with Bounding
            Parameters", Technical report.  Available from
            http://www.psc.edu/networking/papers/FACKnotes/current.

   [MMFR96] Mathis, M., Mahdavi, J., Floyd, S. and A. Romanow, "TCP
            Selective Acknowledgement Options", RFC 2018, October 1996.

   [PAD+98] Paxson, V., Allman, M., Dawson, S., Fenner, W., Griner, J.,
            Heavens, I., Lahey, K., Semke, J. and B. Volz, "Known TCP
            Implementation Problems", RFC 2525, March 1999.

   [Pax97]  Paxson, V., "End-to-End Internet Packet Dynamics",
            Proceedings of SIGCOMM '97, Cannes, France, Sep. 1997.

   [Pos81]  Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC 793,
            September 1981.

   [Ste94]  Stevens, W., "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols",
            Addison-Wesley, 1994.

   [Ste97]  Stevens, W., "TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast
            Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms", RFC 2001, January
            1997.

   [WS95]   Wright, G. and W. Stevens, "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2:
            The Implementation", Addison-Wesley, 1995.




















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Authors' Addresses

   Mark Allman
   NASA Glenn Research Center/Sterling Software
   Lewis Field
   21000 Brookpark Rd.  MS 54-2
   Cleveland, OH  44135
   216-433-6586

   EMail: [e-mail]
   http://roland.grc.nasa.gov/~mallman


   Vern Paxson
   ACIRI / ICSI
   1947 Center Street
   Suite 600
   Berkeley, CA 94704-1198

   Phone: [phone] x302
   EMail: [e-mail]


   W. Richard Stevens
   1202 E. Paseo del Zorro
   Tucson, AZ  85718
   520-297-9416

   EMail: [e-mail]
   http://www.kohala.com/~rstevens





















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Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
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