rfc1246.ps

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(1) 399.96 362 T
(NSS13) 124 463 T
(ARC1) 197 582 T
(FIX-East) 409 671 T
(FIX-W) 156 626 T
(est) 184.07 626 T
(Sesquinet) 256 335 T
(JPL) 226 444 T
(ARC2) 126 574 T
(ARC) 128 541 T
(Ext1) 129 530 T
(ARC) 128 507 T
(Ext2) 129 495 T
(1) 400 612 T
(1) 439 528 T
(1) 439 564 T
(1) 181 592 T
(1) 161 581 T
(1) 160 545 T
(1) 162 509 T
(1) 330 393 T
(1) 416 588 T
(1) 418 544 T
(2) 295 595 T
(2) 359 434 T
(2) 403 490 T
(2) 323 486 T
(2) 224 524 T
(3) 281 433 T
6 F
(Figur) 165 290 T
(e 1: The NASA Science Internet OSPF System) 193.44 290 T
72 108 540 684 C
0 0 612 792 C
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72 702 540 720 R
7 X
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(RFC 1246) 72 712 T
(Experience with OSPF) 251.03 712 T
(July 1991) 493.02 712 T
72 69.05 540 81 R
7 X
V
0 X
([Moy]) 72 73 T
([Page 11]) 493.7 73 T
72 108 540 684 R
7 X
V
0 X
(All NSI externals are imported as OSPF type 2 metrics. In addition, NSI uses the OSPF external ) 72 676 T
(route tag to manage the readvertisement of external routes. For example, a route learned at one ) 72 662 T
(edge of the NSI system via EGP can be tagged with the number of the AS from which it was ) 72 648 T
(learned. Then, as the OSPF external LSA describing this route is \337ooded through the OSPF sys-) 72 634 T
(tem, this tagging information is distributed to all the other AS boundary routers. A router on the ) 72 620 T
(other edge of the NSI can then say that it wants to readvertise \050via EGP\051 routes learned from one ) 72 606 T
(particular AS but not routes learned from another AS. This allows NSI to implement transit poli-) 72 592 T
(cies at the granularity of Autonomous Systems, instead of network numbers, which greatly ) 72 578 T
(reduces the network\325) 72 564 T
(s con\336guration burden.) 171.92 564 T
(NSI has also experimented with OSPF stub areas, in order to support routers having a small ) 72 538 T
(amount of memory) 72 524 T
(. ) 163.16 524 T
6 F
(6.1.2  NSI - Deployment analysis) 72 492 T
0 F
-0.26 (NSI ran a couple of experiments after OSPF\325) 72 466 P
-0.26 (s deployment to test OSPF\325) 285.7 466 P
-0.26 (s conver) 415.94 466 P
-0.26 (gence time in the ) 455.76 466 P
-0.21 (face of network failures, and to compare the level of routing traf) 72 452 P
-0.21 (\336c in OSPF with the level of rout-) 377.89 452 P
(ing traf) 72 438 T
(\336c in RIP) 106.76 438 T
(. These experiments were included in NSI status reports to the OSPF plenary) 151.41 438 T
(.) 519.38 438 T
-0.46 (The \336rst experiment consisted of running a continuous ICMP ping, and then bringing down one of ) 72 412 P
(the links in the ping packet\325) 72 398 T
(s path. They then timed how long it took OSPF to \336nd an alternate ) 204.92 398 T
(path, by noticing when the pings resumed. The result of this experiment is contained in Milo ) 72 384 T
(Medin\325) 72 370 T
(s \322NASA Sciences Internet Report\323 in [8]. It shows that the interrupted ping resumed in ) 106.65 370 T
(three seconds.) 72 356 T
(The second experiment consisted in analyzing the amount of routing protocol traf) 72 330 T
(\336c that \337ow ) 463.18 330 T
(over an NSI link. One of the NSI links was installed, but did not have any active users yet. For ) 72 316 T
(this reason, all traf) 72 302 T
(\336c that \337owed over the link was routing protocol traf) 161.05 302 T
(\336c. The link was instru-) 415 302 T
(mented to continuously measure the amount of bandwidth consumed, \336rst in the case where RIP ) 72 288 T
-0.13 (was running, and then in the case of where OSPF was running. The result is shown graphically in ) 72 274 P
(Jef) 72 260 T
(frey Bur) 85.77 260 T
(gan\325) 125.85 260 T
(s \322NASA Sciences Internet\323 report in [9]. It shows that OSPF consumes many ) 146.5 260 T
(times less network bandwidth than RIP) 72 246 T
(.) 258.89 246 T
3 F
(6.2  BARRNet) 72 212.67 T
0 F
(BARRNet is the NSFNet regional network in Northern California. At the present time, it serves ) 72 186 T
(approximately 80 member sites in an area stretching from Sacramento in the north-east to ) 72 172 T
(Monterey in the in the south-west. Sites are connected to the network at speeds from 9.6Kbps to ) 72 158 T
(full T1 using Proteon and cisco routers as well as a Xylogics terminal server) 72 144 T
(. The membership is ) 437.42 144 T
(composed of a mix of university) 72 130 T
(, government, and commercial or) 226.79 130 T
(ganizations. BARRNet has ) 385.78 130 T
-0.1 (interconnections to the NSFNet \050peering with both T1 and T3 backbones at Stanford University\051, ) 72 116 P
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 702 540 720 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 F
0 X
(RFC 1246) 72 712 T
(Experience with OSPF) 251.03 712 T
(July 1991) 493.02 712 T
72 69.05 540 81 R
7 X
V
0 X
([Moy]) 72 73 T
([Page 12]) 493.7 73 T
72 108 540 684 R
7 X
V
0 X
(ESNet \050peering at LLNL, with additional multi-homed sites at LBL, SLAC, and NASA Ames\051, ) 72 676 T
(and DDN national networks \050peering at the FIX network at NASA Ames\051, and to the statewide ) 72 662 T
(networks of the University of California \050peering at U.C. Berkeley\051 and the California State Uni-) 72 648 T
(versity system \050peering at San Francisco State and Sacramento State\051.) 72 634 T
(T) 72 608 T
(opologically) 78.49 608 T
(, the network consists of fourteen OSPF-speaking Proteon routers, which as a ) 137.68 608 T
-0.27 (\322core\323, with six of these redundantly connected into a ring. All \322core\323 sites are interconnected via ) 72 594 P
(full T1 circuits. Other member sites attach as \322stub\323 connections to the \322core\323 sites. The bulk of ) 72 580 T
(these are connected in a \322star\323 con\336guration at Stanford University) 72 566 T
(, with lesser numbers at other ) 393.3 566 T
(\322core\323 sites. ) 72 552 T
(Contact V) 72 526 T
(ince Fuller [vaf] for more information on BARRNet.) 120.25 526 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 702 540 720 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 F
0 X
(RFC 1246) 72 712 T
(Experience with OSPF) 251.03 712 T
(July 1991) 493.02 712 T
72 69.05 540 81 R
7 X
V
0 X
([Moy]) 72 73 T
([Page 13]) 493.7 73 T
72 108 540 684 R
7 X
V
6 F
0 X
(6.2.1  BARRNet\325) 72 217 T
(s OSPF system) 157.49 217 T
0 F
(BARRNet was also one of the initial deployment sites for OSPF V) 72 191 T
(ersion 1, having deployed the ) 390.82 191 T
-0.02 (protocol in April 1990. BARRNet has been running OSPF V2 since November 1990. They cur-) 72 177 P
-0.16 (rently have 14 routers in their OSPF system. The BARRNet OSPF system is pictured in Figure 2. ) 72 163 P
(It consists of a collection of T1 serial lines, with ethernets at hub sites. ) 72 149 T
72 108 540 684 C
72 225 540 684 C
70.99 225 541.01 684 R
7 X
0 K
V
114.99 594.18 150 618.18 R
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
441.98 592 474.99 617 R
N
114.99 556.18 151 580.18 R
N
186.99 439 221 463 R
N
114.98 637 150.98 664 R
3 X
V
0 X
N
114.99 521.18 152 545.18 R
N
438.99 655 471 679 R
N
249.99 505 282 529 R
N
370.98 559 402.99 583 R
N
375.99 505 408 532 R
N
433.98 415 465.99 439 R
N
186.99 367 219 391 R
N
289.98 559 321.99 583 R
N
151 605.18 167 605.18 2 L
N
151 569.18 167 569.18 2 L
N
152 532.18 169 532.18 2 L
N
150.99 650 168.99 650 2 L
N
272.99 391 307 416 R
7 X
V
0 X
N
287.98 304 321.99 328 R
N
1 F
(NSS13) 118.99 647 T
483.99 475 483.99 376 2 L
4 H
N
168.99 664 168.99 358 2 L
N
240.99 541 429.99 541 2 L
N
249.99 286 465.99 286 2 L
N
186.99 448 168.99 448 2 L
1 H
N
187 379 168 379 2 L
N
222 455 265 505 2 L
N
266 529 266 541 2 L
N
306 559 306 543 2 L
N
388 559 388 543 2 L
N
403 570 458 592 2 L
N
392 531 393 542 2 L
N
460 617 456 655 2 L
N
394 505 434 427 2 L
N
323 315 450 415 2 L
N
202 367 288 315 2 L
N
305 304 305 287 2 L
10 X
N
475 605 504 605 2 L
0.5 H
N
471 668 502 669 2 L
N
389 583 379 612 2 L
11 X
N
305 585 288 621 2 L
N
310 584 327 623 2 L
N
282 517 314 517 2 L
10 X
N
221 448 295 446 2 L
N
116 611 88 627 2 L
N
115 605 82 615 2 L
N
113 601 82 603 2 L
N
115 598 82 589 2 L
N
114 573 84 580 2 L
N
115 569 80 567 2 L
N
114 564 78 557 2 L
N
114 559 78 547 2 L
N
466 428 482 428 2 L
1 H
0 X
N
306 304 306 287 2 L
N
322 310 360 303 2 L
0.5 H
10 X
N
219 379 273 403 2 L
1 H
0 X
N
116 534 86 535 2 L
0.5 H
10 X
N
116 529 86 519 2 L
N
332 437 332 371 2 L
4 H
0 X
N
307 403 331 403 2 L
1 H
N
(BR10) 121 602 T
(BR5) 193 448 T
(BR6) 193 376 T
(BR16) 120 565 T
(BR28) 122 530 T
(BR4) 256 515 T
(BR29) 295 568 T
(BR3) 378 569 T
(BR21) 444 665 T
(BR1) 449 602 T
(BR22) 381 516 T
(BR9) 439 424 T
(BR17) 279 400 T
(BR8) 296 313 T
6 F
(Figur) 208 248 T
(e 2; The BARRNet OSPF system) 236.44 248 T
72 108 540 684 C
0 0 612 792 C
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 702 540 720 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 F
0 X
(RFC 1246) 72 712 T
(Experience with OSPF) 251.03 712 T
(July 1991) 493.02 712 T
72 69.05 540 81 R
7 X
V
0 X
([Moy]) 72 73 T
([Page 14]) 493.7 73 T
72 108 540 684 R
7 X
V
0 X
(Most of BARRNet\325) 72 676 T
(s OSPF routers are speaking either RIP and/or EGP as well as OSPF) 165.96 676 T
(. Routes ) 493.46 676 T
-0.38 (from these other routing protocols are selectively imported into their OSPF system as externals. A ) 72 662 P
-0.4 (lar) 72 648 P
-0.4 (ge number of external routes are imported; the current number is1816. The bulk of these are the ) 84.44 648 P
(T1 NSFNet routes, followed by several hundred NSN routes, around 60-80 BARRNet routes ) 72 634 T
(from the non-OSPF system, and several dozen from ESNet.) 72 620 T
-0.23 (All external routes are imported into the BARRNet system as external type 1 metrics. In addition, ) 72 594 P
-0.02 (BARRnet, like NSI, uses the OSPF\325) 72 580 P
-0.02 (s external route tagging feature to help manage the readver-) 244.84 580 P
(tisement of external routes via EGP) 72 566 T
(.) 241.55 566 T
(BARRnet is also using four stub OSPF areas in order to collapse subnet information. These stub ) 72 540 T
(areas all consist of a single LAN. They do not contain any OSPF routers in their interiors.) 72 526 T
6 F
(6.2.2  BARRNet - Deployment analysis) 72 494 T
0 F
(Initial deployment of OSPF V) 72 468 T
(ersion 1 in BARRNet pointed to the need for two new protocol fea-) 215.26 468 T
(tures that were added to OSPF V2, namely:) 72 454 T
(\245) 72 434 T
(Addition of the ) 85.54 434 T
6 F
(forwarding addr) 161.83 434 T
(ess) 247.23 434 T
0 F
( to OSPF external LSAs. This eliminated the extra hops ) 261.89 434 T
(that were being taken in BARRNet when only routers BR5 and BR6 were exchanging EGP ) 85.54 420 T
(information with the NSS \050see Figure 2\051. W) 85.54 406 T
(ithout the forwarding address feature, that meant ) 295.59 406 T
-0.45 (that NSFNet traf) 85.54 392 P
-0.45 (\336c handled by routers BR10, BR16 and BR28 was taking an extra hop to get to ) 164.38 392 P
(the NSS.) 85.54 378 T
(\245) 72 358 T
(Addition of ) 85.54 358 T
6 F
(stub ar) 144.17 358 T
(eas) 180.27 358 T
0 F
(. This was an attempt to get OSPF running on some of the BARRNet ) 196.26 358 T
(routers that had insuf) 85.54 344 T
(\336cient memory to deal with all of BARRNet\325) 186.92 344 T
(s external routes.) 403.79 344 T
3 F
(6.3  OARnet) 72 310.67 T
0 F
-0.04 (OARnet, the Ohio Academic Resources Network, is the regional network for the state of Ohio. It ) 72 284 P
-0.27 (serves the entire higher education community) 72 270 P
-0.27 (, providing Ohio schools access to colleagues world-) 288.72 270 P
(wide. The Ohio Supercomputer Center and the NSF Supercomputer Centers are reached through ) 72 256 T
(OARnet. Libraries, databases, national and international laboratories and research centers are ) 72 242 T
(accessible to faculty) 72 228 T
(, helping make Ohio schools competitive.) 168.48 228 T
-0.28 (OARnet was established in 1987 to provide state-wide access to the CRA) 72 202 P
-0.28 (Y at the Ohio Supercom-) 420.55 202 P
-0.43 (puter Center in Columbus, Ohio. Since then it has evolved into a network supporting all aspects of ) 72 188 P
-0.42 (higher education within Ohio. A primary goal of OARnet is to facilitate collaborative projects and ) 72 174 P
(sharing of resources between institutions, including those outside the state. OARnet connections ) 72 160 T
(are available to Ohio academic institutions and corporations engaged in research, product devel-) 72 146 T
-0.36 (opment, or instruction. Colleges, universities, and industries currently use OARnet connections to ) 72 132 P
(communicate within the state and with colleagues around the country) 72 118 T
(.) 403.99 118 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 702 540 720 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 F
0 X
(RFC 1246) 72 712 T
(Experience with OSPF) 251.03 712 T
(July 1991) 493.02 712 T
72 69.05 540 81 R
7 X
V
0 X
([Moy]) 72 73 T
([Page 15]) 493.7 73 T
72 108 540 684 R
7 X
V
0 X
(OARnet uses the Internet \050TCP/IP\051 and DECNET protocols. OARnet participants using TP/IP ) 72 676 T
-0.07 (protocols are connected to the worldwide Internet, which includes all the major networks open to ) 72 662 P
-0.41 (non-classi\336ed research. OARnet is also connected to NSFNet, the national research and education ) 72 648 P
(network sponsored by the National Science Foundation. It has gateways to BITNET) 72 634 T
(, CSNET) 474.83 634 T
(, ) 517.93 634 T
(CICNet \050a network connecting the Big T) 72 620 T
(en universities\051, and the NASA Science Internet. ) 267.02 620 T
(For more information on OARnet, contact Kannan V) 72 594 T
(a