rfc2235.txt

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     Los Nettos network created with no federal funding, instead
     supported by regional members (founding: Caltech, TIS, UCLA, USC,
     ISI).

     NSFNET backbone upgraded to T1 (1.544Mbps)

     CERFnet (California Education and Research Federation network)
     founded by Susan Estrada.

     Internet Relay Chat (IRC) developed by Jarkko Oikarinen (:zby:)

     First Canadian regionals join NSFNET: ONet via Cornell, RISQ via
     Princeton, BCnet via Univ of Washington (:ec1:)

     FidoNet gets connected to the Net, enabling the exchange of e-mail
     and news (:tp1:)

     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Canada (CA), Denmark (DK), Finland
     (FI), France (FR), Iceland (IS), Norway (NO), Sweden (SE)

1989
     Number of hosts breaks 100,000

     RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) formed (by European service providers)
     to ensure the necessary administrative and technical coordination
     to allow the operation of the pan-European IP Network. (:glg:)

     First relays between a commercial electronic mail carrier and the
     Internet: MCI Mail through the Corporation for the National
     Research Initiative (CNRI), and Compuserve through Ohio State Univ
     (:jg1,ph1:)

     Corporation for Research and Education Networking (CREN) is formed
     by merging CSNET into BITNET



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     AARNET - Australian Academic Research Network - set up by AVCC and
     CSIRO; introduced into service the following year (:gmc:)

     Cuckoo's Egg written by Clifford Stoll tells the real-life tale of
     a German cracker group who infiltrated numerous US facilities

     CERT advisories: 7

     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Australia (AU), Germany (DE),
     Israel (IL), Italy (IT), Japan (JP), Mexico (MX), Netherlands (NL),
     New Zealand (NZ), Puerto Rico (PR), United Kingdom (UK)

   ---------------------------------------------------------------------

                                   1990s

1990
     ARPANET ceases to exist

     Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is founded by Mitch Kapor

     Archie released by Peter Deutsch, Alan Emtage, and Bill Heelan at
     McGill

     Hytelnet released by Peter Scott (Univ of Saskatchewan)

     The World comes on-line (world.std.com), becoming the first
     commercial provider of Internet dial-up access

     ISO Development Environment (ISODE) developed to provide an
     approach for OSI migration for the DoD. ISODE software allows OSI
     application to operate over TCP/IP (:gck:)

     CA*net formed by 10 regional networks as national Canadian backbone
     with direct connection to NSFNET (:ec1:)

     The first remotely operated machine to be hooked up to the
     Internet, the Internet Toaster, (controlled via SNMP) makes its
     debut at Interop.

     CERT advisories: 12, reports: 130

     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Argentina (AR), Austria (AT),
     Belgium (BE), Brazil (BR), Chile (CL), Greece (GR), India (IN),
     Ireland (IE), Korea (KR), Spain (ES), Switzerland (CH)






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1991
     Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) Association, Inc. formed by
     General Atomics (CERFnet), Performance Systems International, Inc.
     (PSInet), and UUNET Technologies, Inc. (AlterNet), after NSF lifts
     restrictions on the commercial use of the Net (:glg:)

     Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), invented by Brewster Kahle,
     released by Thinking Machines Corporation

     Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the Univ
     of Minnessota

     World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer
     (:pb1:)

     PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) released by Philip Zimmerman (:ad1:)

     US High Performance Computing Act (Gore 1) establishes the National
     Research and Education Network (NREN)

     NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps)

     NSFNET traffic passes 1 trillion bytes/month and 10 billion
     packets/month

     Defense Data Network NIC contract awarded by DISA to Government
     Systems Inc. who takes over from SRI in May

     Start of JANET IP Service (JIPS) which signalled the changeover
     from Coloured Book software to TCP/IP within the UK academic
     network. IP was initially 'tunnelled' within X.25. (:gst:)

     CERT advisories: 23

     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Croatia (HR), Czech Repulic (CZ),
     Hong Kong (HK), Hungary (HU), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Singapore
     (SG), South Africa (ZA), Taiwan (TW), Tunisia (TN)

1992
     Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered

     Number of hosts breaks 1,000,000

     First MBONE audio multicast (March) and video multicast (November)

     RIPE Network Coordination Center (NCC) created in April to provide
     address registration and coordination services to the European
     Internet community (:dk1:)



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     IAB reconstituted as the Internet Architecture Board and becomes
     part of the Internet Society

     Veronica, a gopherspace search tool, is released by Univ of Nevada

     World Bank comes on-line

     Japan's first ISP, Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ), is formed by
     Koichi Suzuki

     The term "Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly
     (:jap:)

     Internet Hunt started by Rick Gates

     CERT advisories: 21, reports: 800

     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Antarctica (AQ), Cameroon (CM),
     Cyprus (CY), Ecuador (EC), Estonia (EE), Kuwait (KW), Latvia (LV),
     Luxembourg (LU), Malaysia (MY), Slovakia (SK), Slovenia (SI),
     Thailand (TH), Venezuela (VE)

1993
     InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services:
     (:sc1:)
        - directory and database services (AT&T)
        - registration services (Network Solutions Inc.)
        - information services (General Atomics/CERFnet)

     US White House comes on-line (http://www.whitehouse.gov/):
        - President Bill Clinton: [e-mail]
        - Vice-President Al Gore: [e-mail]

     Worms of a new kind find their way around the Net - WWW Worms (W4),
     joined by Spiders, Wanderers, Crawlers, and Snakes ...

     Internet Talk Radio begins broadcasting (:sk2:)

     United Nations (UN) comes on-line (:vgc:)

     US National Information Infrastructure Act

     Businesses and media really take notice of the Internet

     Mosaic takes the Internet by storm; WWW proliferates at a 341,634%
     annual growth rate of service traffic. Gopher's growth is 997%.

     CERT advisories: 18, reports: 1300



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     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Bulgaria (BG), Costa Rica (CR),
     Egypt (EG), Fiji (FJ), Ghana (GH), Guam (GU), Indonesia (ID),
     Kazakhstan (KZ), Kenya (KE), Liechtenstein (LI), Peru (PE), Romania
     (RO), Russian Federation (RU), Turkey (TR), Ukraine (UA), UAE (AE),
     US Virgin Islands (VI)

1994
     ARPANET/Internet celebrates 25th anniversary

     Communities begin to be wired up directly to the Internet
     (Lexington and Cambridge, MA, USA)

     US Senate and House provide information servers

     Shopping malls arrive on the Internet

     First cyberstation, RT-FM, broadcasts from Interop in Las Vegas

     The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) suggests
     that GOSIP should incorporate TCP/IP and drop the "OSI-only"
     requirement (:gck:)

     Arizona law firm of Canter & Siegel "spams" the Internet with email
     advertising green card lottery services; Net citizens flame back

     NSFNET traffic passes 10 trillion bytes/month

     Yes, it's true - you can now order pizza from the Hut online

     WWW edges out telnet to become 2nd most popular service on the Net
     (behind ftp-data) based on % of packets and bytes traffic
     distribution on NSFNET

     Japanese Prime Minister on-line

     UK's HM Treasury on-line

     New Zealand's Info Tech Prime Minister on-line

     First Virtual, the first cyberbank, open up for business

     Radio stations start rockin' (rebroadcasting) round the clock on
     the Net: WXYC at Univ of NC, WJHK at Univ of KS-Lawrence, KUGS at
     Western WA Univ

     Trans-European Research and Education Network Association (TERENA)
     is formed by the merger of RARE and EARN, with representatives from
     38 countries as well as CERN and ECMWF. TERERNA's aim is to



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     "promote and participate in the development of a high quality
     international information and telecommunications infrastructure for
     the benefit of research and education"

     CERT advisories: 15, reports: 2300

     Countries connecting to NSFNET: Algeria (DZ), Armenia (AM), Bermuda
     (BM), Burkina Faso (BF), China (CN), Colombia (CO), Jamaica (JM),
     Lebanon (LB), Lithuania (LT), Macau (MO), Morocco (MA), New
     Caledonia, Nicaragua (NI), Niger (NE), Panama (PA), Philippines
     (PH), Senegal (SN), Sri Lanka (LK), Swaziland (SZ), Uruguay (UY),
     Uzbekistan (UZ)

1995
     NSFNET reverts back to a research network. Main US backbone traffic
     now routed through interconnected network providers

     The new NSFNET is born as NSF establishes the very high speed
     Backbone Network Service (vBNS) linking super-computing centers:
     NCAR, NCSA, SDSC, CTC, PSC

     Hong Kong police disconnect all but 1 of the colony's Internet
     providers in search of a hacker. 10,000 people are left without Net
     access. (:api:)

     RealAudio, an audio streaming technology, lets the Net hear in near
     real-time

     Radio HK, the first 24 hr., Internet-only radio station starts
     broadcasting

     WWW surpasses ftp-data in March as the service with greatest
     traffic on NSFNet based on packet count, and in April based on byte
     count

     Traditional online dial-up systems (Compuserve, America Online,
     Prodigy) begin to provide Internet access

     A number of Net related companies go public, with Netscape leading
     the pack with the 3rd largest ever NASDAQ IPO share value (9
     August)

     Thousands in Minneapolis-St. Paul (USA) lose Net access after
     transients start a bonfire under a bridge at the Univ of MN causing
     fiber-optic cables to melt (30 July)






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     Registration of domain names is no longer free. Beginning 14
     September, a $50 annual fee has been imposed, which up until now
     was subsidized by NSF. NSF continues to pay for .edu registration,
     and on an interim basis for .gov

     The Vatican comes on-line

     The Canadian Government comes on-line

     The first official Internet wiretap was successful in helping the
     Secret Service and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) aprehend three
     individuals who were illegally manufacturing and selling cell phone
     cloning equipment and electronic devices

     Operation Home Front connects, for the first time, soldiers in the
     field with their families back home via the Internet.

     Richard White becomes the first person to be declared a munition,
     under the USA's arms export control laws, because of an RSA file
     security encryption program emblazoned on his arm (:wired496:)

     CERT advisories: 18, reports: 2412

     Country domains registered: Ethiopia (ET), Cote d'Ivoire (CI), Cook
     Islands (CK) Cayman Islands (KY), Anguilla (AI), Gibraltar (GI),
     Vatican (VA), Kiribati (KI), Kyrgyzstan (KG), Madagascar (MG),
     Mauritius (MU), Micronesia (FM), Monaco (MC), Mongolia (MN), Nepal
     (NP), Nigeria (NG), Western Samoa (WS), San Marino (SM), Tanzania
     (TZ), Tonga (TO), Uganda (UG), Vanuatu (VU)

     Technologies of the Year: WWW, Search engines Emerging
     Technologies: Mobile code (JAVA, JAVAscript), Virtual environments
     (VRML), Collaborative tools

1996
     Internet phones catch the attention of US telecommunication
     companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology (which has
     been around for years)

     The controversial US Communications Decency Act (CDA) becomes law
     in the US in order to prohibit distribution of indecent materials
     over the Net. A few months later a three-judge panel imposes an
     injunction against its enforcement. Supreme Court unanimously rules
     most of it unconstitutional in 1997.

     9,272 organizations find themselves unlisted after the InterNIC
     drops their name service as a result of not having paid their
     domain name fee



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     Various ISPs suffer extended service outages, bringing into
     question whether they will be able to handle the growing number of
     users. AOL (19 hours), Netcom (13 hours), AT&T WorldNet (28 hours -
     email only)

     New Yorks' Public Access Networks Corp (PANIX) is shut down after
     repeated SYN attacks by a cracker using methods outlined in a
     hacker magazine (2600)

     Various US Government sites are hacked into and their content
     changed, including CIA, Department of Justice, Air Force

     MCI upgrades Internet backbone adding ~13,000 ports, bringing the
     effective speed from 155Mbps to 622Mbps.

     The Internet Ad Hoc Committee announces plans to add 7 new generic
     Top Level Domains (gTLD): .firm, .store, .web, .arts, .rec, .info,
     registrars worldwide.

     A malicious cancelbot is released on USENET wiping out more than
     25,000 messages.

     The WWW browser war, fought primarily between Netscape and
     Microsoft, has rushed in a new age in software development, whereby
     new releases are made quarterly with the help of Internet users
     eager to test upcoming (beta) versions.

     Restrictions on Internet use around the world:
        - China: requires users and ISPs to register with the police
        - Germany: cuts off access to some newsgroups carried on
          Compuserve
        - Saudi Arabia: confines Internet access to universities and
          hospitals
        - Singapore: requires political and religious content providers