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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN"><html><head><title>Lynx Users Guide v2.8.5</title><link rev="made" href="mailto:lynx-dev@sig.net"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"></head><body><h1>Lynx Users Guide v2.8.5</h1>Lynx is a fully-featured <em>World Wide Web</em> (<em>WWW</em>) clientfor users running cursor-addressable, character-cell display devices (e.g.,vt100 terminals, vt100 emulators running on PCs or Macs, or any othercharacter-cell display). It will display <em>Hypertext Markup Language</em>(<em>HTML</em>) documents containing links to files on the local system, aswell as files on remote systems running <em>http</em>, <em>gopher</em>,<em>ftp</em>, <em>wais</em>, <em>nntp</em>, <em>finger</em>, or<em>cso</em>/<em>ph</em>/<em>qi</em> servers, and services accessible vialogins to <em>telnet</em>, <em>tn3270</em> or <em>rlogin</em> accounts (see<a href="lynx_url_support.html">URL Schemes Supported by Lynx</a>).<a href="#Hist">Current</a> versions of Lynx run on Unix, VMS,Windows3.x/9x/NT, 386DOS and OS/2 EMX.<p>Lynx can be used to access information on the <em>WWW</em>, or to buildinformation systems intended primarily for local access. For example, Lynxhas been used to build several <em>Campus Wide Information Systems</em>(<em>CWIS</em>). In addition, Lynx can be used to build systems isolatedwithin a single LAN.<h2 ID="TOC"><A NAME="Contents"><em>Table of Contents</em></A></h2><ul><li><A HREF="#Help" NAME="ToC-Help">Lynx online help</A><li><A HREF="#Local" NAME="ToC-Local">Viewing local files with Lynx</A><li><A HREF="#Leaving" NAME="ToC-Leaving">Leaving Lynx</A><li><A HREF="#Remote" NAME="ToC-Remote">Starting Lynx with a Remote File</A><li><A HREF="#EnVar" NAME="ToC-EnVar">Starting Lynx with the WWW_HOME environment variable.</A><li><A HREF="#IntraDocNav" NAME="ToC-IntraDocNav">Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx</A><li><A HREF="#Disposing" NAME="ToC-Disposing">Printing, Mailing, and Saving rendered files to disk.</A><li><A HREF="#LocalSource" NAME="ToC-LocalSource">Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents</A><li><A HREF="#RemoteSource" NAME="ToC-RemoteSource">Downloading and Saving source files.</A><li><A HREF="#ReDo" NAME="ToC-ReDo">Reloading files and refreshing the display</A><li><A HREF="#Search" NAME="ToC-Search">Lynx searching commands</A><li><A HREF="#InteractiveOptions" NAME="ToC-InteractiveOptions">Lynx Options Menu</A><li><A HREF="#Mail" NAME="ToC-Mail">Comments and mailto: links</A><li><A HREF="#News" NAME="ToC-News">USENET News posting</A><li><A HREF="#Bookmarks" NAME="ToC-Bookmarks">Lynx bookmarks</A><li><A HREF="#Jumps" NAME="ToC-Jumps">Jump command</A><li><A HREF="#DirEd" NAME="ToC-DirEd">Directory Editing</A><li><A HREF="#ColorMouse" NAME="ToC-ColorMouse">Using Color & the Mouse</A><li><A HREF="#MiscKeys" NAME="ToC-MiscKeys">Scrolling and Other useful commands</A><li><a href="#Forms" NAME="ToC-Forms">Lynx and HTML Forms</a>| <a href="#Images" NAME="ToC-Images">Lynx and HTML Images</a><li><a href="#Tables" NAME="ToC-Tables">Lynx and HTML Tables</a>| <a href="#Tabs" NAME="ToC-Tabs">Lynx and HTML Tabs</a><li><a href="#Frames" NAME="ToC-Frames">Lynx and HTML Frames</a>| <a href="#Banners" NAME="ToC-Banners">Lynx and HTML Banners</a><li><a href="#Footnotes" NAME="ToC-Footnotes">Lynx and HTML Footnotes</a>| <a href="#Notes" NAME="ToC-Notes">Lynx and HTML Notes</a><li><a href="#Lists" NAME="ToC-Lists">Lynx and HTML Lists</a><li><a href="#Quotes" NAME="ToC-Quotes">Lynx and HTML Quotes</a><li><a href="#Eightbit" NAME="ToC-Eightbit">Lynx and HTML Internationalization: 8bit, UNICODE, etc.</a><li><a href="#USEMAP" NAME="ToC-USEMAP">Lynx and Client-Side-Image-Maps</a><li><a href="#Refresh" NAME="ToC-Refresh">Lynx and Client-Side-Pull</a><li><a href="#Cookies" NAME="ToC-Cookies">Lynx and State Management</a> (Me want <em>cookie</em>!)<li><A HREF="#Invoking" NAME="ToC-Invoking">The Lynx command line</A><li><A HREF="#Environment" NAME="ToC-Environments">Environment variables used by Lynx</A><li><A HREF="#lynx.cfg" NAME="ToC-lynx.cfg">Main configuration file lynx.cfg</A><li><A HREF="#Hist" NAME="ToC-Hist">Lynx development history</A></ul><h2 ID="Help"><A NAME="Help"><em>Lynx online help</em></A></h2>Online help is available while viewing any document. Press the'<em>?</em>' or '<em>H</em>' key (or the '<em>h</em>' key ifvi-like key movement is not on) to see a list of help topics.See the section titled <A HREF="#IntraDocNav">Navigatinghypertext documents with Lynx</A> for information on navigatingthrough the help files.<p>In addition, a summary description of all the Lynx keystroke commandsand their key bindings is available by pressing the '<em>K</em>' key (orthe '<em>k</em>' key if vi-like key movement is not on).[<A HREF="#ToC-Help">ToC</A>]<p>If you want to recall recent status-line messages, you can do soby entering the `g' command, followed by `LYNXMESSAGES:'.<h2 ID="Local"><A NAME="Local"><em>Viewing local files with Lynx</em></A></h2>Lynx can be started by entering the Lynx command along withthe name of a file to display. For example these commands couldall be used to display an arbitrary ASCII text or HTML file:<dl> <dt>UNIX <dd><code>lynx filename</code> <dd><code>lynx /home/my-dir/filename</code> <dd><code>lynx ~/filename</code> <dt>VMS <dd><code>lynx filename</code> <dd><code>lynx dua5:[my-directory]filename</code> <dd><code>lynx /dua5/my-directory/filename</code> <dd><code>lynx ~/filename</code> <dd><code>lynx sys$login:filename</code> <dd><code>lynx /sys$login/filename</code> <dt>Win32/DOS <dd><code>lynx file:///filename</code> <dd><code>lynx filename</code> <dd><code>lynx c:/dir/filename</code> <dd><code>lynx //n/dir/filename</code></dl><p>When executed, Lynx will clear the screen and display as much of thespecified file as will fit on the screen. Pressing a <em>down-arrow</em>will bring up the next screen, and pressing an <em>up-arrow</em> will bringup the previous screen. If no file is specified at startup, a default filewill be displayed, depending on settings e.g., in <em>lynx.cfg</em>.<p>Lynx will display local files written in the <em>HyperText MarkupLanguage</em> (<em>HTML</em>), if the file's name ends with the characters<em>.html</em>, <em>.htm</em>, <em>.shtml</em>, <em>.htmlx</em>,<em>.html3</em>, or <em>.ht3</em>. HTML is a file format that allows usersto create a file that contains (among other things) hypertext links to otherfiles. Several files linked together may be described as a<em>hypertext document</em>. If the filename does not have one of thesuffixes mapped by Lynx to HTML, the <em>-force_html</em> command lineoption can be included to force treatment of the file as hypertext.<p>When Lynx displays an HTML file, it shows links as "bold face"text, except for one link, which is shown as "highlighted" text.Whether "boldface" or "highlighted" text shows up as reversevideo, boldface type, or a color change, etc. depends on thedisplay device being used (and the way in which that device hasbeen configured). Lynx has no control over the exact presentationof links.<p>The one link displayed as "highlighted" text is the currently"selected" link. Lynx will display the file associated with theselected link when a <em>right-arrow</em> or a <em>Return</em> key ispressed. To select a particular link, press the <em>up-arrow</em> or<em>down-arrow</em> keys until the desired link becomes "highlighted,"and then press the <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> key to viewthe linked information. Information included in the HTML file tells Lynxwhere to find the linked file and what kind of server will provide it(i.e., HTTP, Gopher, etc.).<p>Lynx renders HTML files and saves the rendition (and the source, ifso configured in the <A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file)for initial display and should you select the link again. If you doselect a link again and have reason to desire a new fetch and renderingof the file, use the NOCACHE command, normally mapped to '<em>x</em>' and'<em>X</em>', instead of the <em>right-arrow</em> or <em>Return</em> keywhen positioned on the link. You also can force a new fetch and renderingof the currently displayed document via the RELOAD command, normally mappedto <EM>Control-R</em>.<p>When a binary file is encountered Lynx will ask the user if he/shewishes to download the file or cancel. If the user selects '<em>D'</em>for download, Lynx will transfer the file into a temporary location andpresent the user with a list of options. The only default option is<em>Save to disk</em>, which is disabled if Lynx is running in anonymousmode. Additional download methods may be defined in the<A HREF="#lynx.cfg">lynx.cfg</A> file. Programs like kermit, zmodemand FTP are some possible options. [<A HREF="#ToC-Local">ToC</A>]<h2 ID="Leaving"><A NAME="Leaving"><em>Leaving Lynx</em></A></h2>To exit Lynx use the '<em>q</em>' command. You will be asked whetheryou really want to quit. Answering '<em>y</em>' will exit and '<em>n</em>'will return you to the current document. Use '<em>Q</em>' or<em>Control-D</em> to quit without verification. [<A HREF="#ToC-Leaving">ToC</A>]<h2 ID="Remote"><A NAME="Remote"><em>Starting Lynx with a Remote File</em></A></h2>If you wish to view a remote file (that is, a file residing onsome computer system other than the one upon which you are runningLynx) without first viewing a local file, you must identify thatfile by using a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). URLs take thegeneral form:<p><code>PROTOCOL :// HOST / PATH</code><p>where<dl> <dt><code>PROTOCOL</code> <dd>identifies the communications protocol (<em>scheme</em>) used by the server that will provide the file. As mentioned earlier, Lynx (and any WWW client) can interact with a variety of servers, each with its own protocol. <dt><code>HOST</code> <dd>is the Internet address of the computer system on which the server is running, and <dt><code>PATH</code> <dd>is a scheme-specific field which for some schemes may correspond to a directory path and/or filename.</dl>Here are some sample URLs.<dl> <dt>HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) <dd><code>http://www.subir.com/lynx.html</code> <dt>Gopher <dd><code>gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu/11/</code> <dt>FTP (File Transfer Protocol) <dd><code>ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/lynx/README</code> <dt>WAIS (Wide Area Information Service protocol) <dd><code>wais://cnidr.org/directory-of-servers</code> <dt>A URL may be specified to Lynx on the command line, as in: <dd><code>lynx http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/kufacts_start.html</code></dl>Lynx also will attempt to create a complete URL if you include adequateportions of it in the startfile argument. For example:<br><pre>1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789.1234.6789 <em>wfbr</em> will be expanded to: <em>http://www.wfbr.edu/</em> and: <em>ftp.more.net/pub</em> will be expanded to: <em>ftp://ftp.more.net/pub</em></pre>See <a href="lynx_url_support.html">URL Schemes Supported by Lynx</a> formore detailed information. [<A HREF="#ToC-Remote">ToC</A>]<h2 ID="EnVar"><A NAME="EnVar"><em>Starting Lynx with the WWW_HOME environment variable.</em></A></h2>You may also specify a starting file for Lynx using the WWW_HOMEenvironment variable,<dl> <dt>UNIX <dd> <dl> <dt>ksh <dd><code>export WWW_HOME=http://www.w3.org/</code> <dt>csh <dd><code>setenv WWW_HOME http://www.w3.org/</code> </dl> <dt>VMS <dd><code>define "WWW_HOME" "http://www.w3.org/"</code> <dt>win32 <dd><code>WWW_HOME=http://www.w3.org/ [or in registry]</code></dl>Note that on VMS the double-quoting <em>must</em> be included to preservecasing. [<A HREF="#ToC-EnVar">ToC</A>]<h2 ID="IntraDocNav"><A NAME="IntraDocNav"><em>Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx</em></A></h2>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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