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The registering routines each take one parameter; a
symbolic name defined in graphics.h. Each registering
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routine returns a nonnegative value if the driver or
font is successfully registered.
The following table shows the names to be used with
registerbgidriver and registerbgifont. It is a complete
list of drivers and fonts included with Turbo C++.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Driver file registerbgidriver Font file registerbgifont
(*.BGI) symbolic name (*.CHR) symbolic name
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CGA CGA_driver TRIP triplex_font
EGAVGA EGAVGA_driver LITT small_font
HERC Herc_driver SANS sansserif_font
ATT ATT_driver GOTH gothic_font
PC3270 PC3270_driver
IBM8514 IBM8514_driver
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ Suppose you want to convert the files for the CGA
An example graphics driver, the gothic font, and the triplex font
------------------ to object modules, then link them into your program.
Here's what you do:
1. Convert the binary files to object files using
BGIOBJ.EXE, as shown in the following separate com-
mand lines:
bgiobj cga
bgiobj trip
bgiobj goth
This creates three files: CGA.OBJ, TRIP.OBJ, and
GOTH.OBJ.
2. You can add these object files to GRAPHICS.LIB with
this TLIB command line:
tlib graphics +cga +trip +goth
3. If you don't add the object files to GRAPHICS.LIB,
you must add the object file names CGA.OBJ,
TRIP.OBJ, and GOTH.OBJ to your project list (if you
are using Turbo C++'s integrated environment), or to
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the TCC command line. For example, the TCC command
line would look like this:
TCC niftgraf graphics.lib cga.obj trip.obj
goth.obj
4. You register these files in your graphics program
like this:
If you ever get a /* Header file declares CGA_driver, triplex_font &
linker error gothic_font */
Segment exceeds #include <graphics.h>
64K after linking
in some drivers /* Register and check for errors (one never
and/or fonts, knows...) */
refer to the
following section. if (registerbgidriver(CGA_driver) < 0) exit(1);
if (registerbgifont(triplex_font) < 0) exit(1);
if (registerbgifont(gothic_font) < 0) exit(1);
/* ... */
initgraph(....); /* initgraph should be called
after registering */
/* ... */
The /F option =======================================================
This section explains what steps to take if you get the
linker error Segment exceeds 64K (or a similar error)
after linking in several driver and/or font files
(especially with small- and compact-model programs).
By default, the files created by BGIOBJ.EXE all use the
same segment (called _TEXT). This can cause problems if
your program links in many drivers and/or fonts, or
when you're using the small or compact memory model.
To solve this problem, you can convert one or more of
the drivers or fonts with the BGIOBJ /F option. This
option directs BGIOBJ to use a segment name of the form
filename_TEXT, so that the default segment is not
overburdened by all the linked-in drivers and fonts
(and, in small and compact model programs, all the pro-
gram code). For example, the following two BGIOBJ com-
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mand lines direct BGIOBJ to use segment names of the
form EGAVGA_TEXT and SANS_TEXT.
bgiobj /F egavga
bgiobj /F sans
When you select /F, BGIOBJ also appends F to the target
object file name (EGAVGAF.OBJ, SANSF.OBJ, and so
forth), and appends _far to the name that will be used
with registerfarbgidriver and registerfarbgifont. (For
example, EGAVGA_driver becomes EGAVGA_driver_far.)
For files created with /F, you must use these far
registering routines instead of the regular
registerbgidriver and registerbgifont. For example,
if (registerfarbgidriver(EGAVGA_driver_far) < 0)
exit(1);
if (registerfarbgifont(sansserif_font_far) < 0)
exit(1);
Advanced features =======================================================
This section explains some of BGIOBJ's advanced
features, and the routines registerfarbgidriver and
registerfarbgifont. Only experienced users should use
these features.
This is the full syntax of the BGIOBJ.EXE command line:
BGIOBJ [/F] source destination public-name seg-name
seg-class
This table describes each component of the BGIOBJ com-
mand line.
-------------------------------------------------------
Component Description
-------------------------------------------------------
/F or -F This option instructs BGIOBJ.EXE
to use a segment name other than
_TEXT (the default), and to
change the public name and
destination file name. (See page
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5 for a detailed discussion of
/F.)
source This is the driver or font file
to be converted. If the file is
not one of the driver/font files
shipped with Turbo C++, you
should specify a full file name
(including extension).
destination This is the name of the object
file to be produced. The default
destination file name is
source.OBJ, or sourceF.OBJ if
you use the /F option.
public-name This is the name that will be
used in the program in a call to
registerbgidriver or
registerbgifont (or their
respective far versions) to link
in the object module.
The public name is the external
name used by the linker, so it
should be the name used in the
program, prefixed with an
underscore. If your program uses
Pascal calling conventions, use
only uppercase letters, and do
not add an underscore.
seg-name This is an optional segment
name; the default is _TEXT (or
filename_TEXT if /F is
specified)
seg-class This is an optional segment
class; the default is CODE.
-------------------------------------------------------
All parameters except source are optional. However, if
you need to specify an optional parameter, all the
parameters preceding it must also be specified.
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If you choose to use your own public name(s), you have
to add declaration(s) to your program, using one of the
following forms:
void public_name(void); /* if /F not used, */
/* default segment name
used */
extern int far public_name[]; /* if /F used, or */
/* segment name not
_TEXT */
In these declarations, public_name matches the public-
name you used when converting with BGIOBJ. The
graphics.h header file contains declarations of the
default driver and font public names; if you use those
default public names you don't have to declare them as
just described.
After these declarations, you have to register all the
drivers and fonts in your program. If you don't use the
/F option and don't change the default segment name,
you should register drivers and fonts through
registerbgidriver and registerbgifont; otherwise, use
registerfarbgidriver and registerfarbgifont.
Here is an example of a program that loads a font file
into memory:
/* Example of loading a font file into memory */
#include <graphics.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <alloc.h>
main()
{
void *gothic_fontp; /* points to font buffer
in memory */
int handle; /* file handle used for
I/O */
unsigned fsize; /* size of file (and
buffer) */
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int errorcode;
int graphdriver;
int graphmode;
/* open font file */
handle = open("GOTH.CHR", O_RDONLY|O_BINARY);
if (handle == -1)
{
printf("unable to open font file 'GOTH.CHR'\n");
exit(1);
}
/* find out size of the file */
fsize = filelength(handle);
/* allocate buffer */
gothic_fontp = malloc(fsize);
if (gothic_fontp == NULL)
{
printf("unable to allocate memory for font file
'GOTH.CHR'\n");
exit(1);
}
/* read font into memory */
if (read(handle, gothic_fontp, fsize) != fsize)
{
printf("unable to read font file 'GOTH.CHR'\n");
exit(1);
}
/* close font file */
close(handle);
/* register font */
if (registerfarbgifont(gothic_fontp) !=
GOTHIC_FONT)
{
printf("unable to register font file
'GOTH.CHR'\n");
exit(1);
}
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