linkextor.pm

ARM上的如果你对底层感兴趣

package HTML::LinkExtor;

=head1 NAME

HTML::LinkExtor - Extract links from an HTML document

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 require HTML::LinkExtor;
 $p = HTML::LinkExtor->new(\&cb, "http://www.sn.no/");
 sub cb {
     my($tag, %links) = @_;
     print "$tag @{[%links]}\n";
 }
 $p->parse_file("index.html");

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The I<HTML::LinkExtor> (link extractor) is an HTML parser that takes a
callback routine as parameter.  This routine is then called as the
various link attributes are recognized.

The I<HTML::LinkExtor> is a subclass of I<HTML::Parser>. This means
that the document should be given to the parser by calling the
$p->parse() or $p->parse_file() methods.

=cut

require HTML::Parser;
@ISA = qw(HTML::Parser);
$VERSION = sprintf("%d.%02d", q$Revision: 1.15 $ =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)/);

use URI::URL qw(url);

use strict;
use vars qw(%LINK_ELEMENT);

# Elements that might contain links and the name of the link attribute
%LINK_ELEMENT =
(
 body   => 'background',
 base   => 'href',
 a      => 'href',
 img    => [qw(src lowsrc usemap)],   # 'lowsrc' is a Netscape invention
 form   => 'action',
 input  => 'src',
'link'  => 'href',          # need quoting since link is a perl builtin
 frame  => 'src',
 applet => [qw(codebase code)],
 area   => 'href',
 frame  => 'src',   # Netscape 2.0 extention
 embed  => 'src',   # used in Netscape 2.0 for Shockwave and things like that
);

=over 4

=item $p = HTML::LinkExtor->new([$callback[, $base]])

The constructor takes two optional argument. The first is a reference
to a callback routine. It will be called as links are found. If a
callback is not provided, then links are just accumulated internally
and can be retrieved by calling the $p->links() method. The $base is
an optional base URL used to absolutize all URLs found.

The callback is called with the lowercase tag name as first argument,
and then all link attributes as separate key/value pairs.  All
non-link attributes are removed.

=cut

sub new
{
    my($class, $cb, $base) = @_;
    my $self = $class->SUPER::new;
    $self->{extractlink_cb} = $cb;
    $self->{extractlink_base} = $base;
    $self;
}

sub start
{
    my($self, $tag, $attr) = @_;  # $attr is reference to a HASH
    return unless exists $LINK_ELEMENT{$tag};

    my $base = $self->{extractlink_base};
    my $links = $LINK_ELEMENT{$tag};
    $links = [$links] unless ref $links;

    my @links;
    my $a;
    for $a (@$links) {
	next unless exists $attr->{$a};
	push(@links, $a, $base ? url($attr->{$a}, $base)->abs : $attr->{$a});
    }
    return unless @links;

    my $cb = $self->{extractlink_cb};
    if ($cb) {
	&$cb($tag, @links);
    } else {
	push(@{$self->{'links'}}, [$tag, @links]);
    }
}

=item $p->links

Returns a list of all links found in the document.  The returned
values will be anonymous arrays with the follwing elements:

  [$tag, $attr => $url1, $attr2 => $url2,...]

The $p->links method will also truncate the internal link list.  This
means that if the method is called twice without any parsing in
between then the second call will return an empty list.

Also note that $p->links will always be empty if a callback routine
was provided when the L<HTML::LinkExtor> was created.

=cut

sub links
{
    my $self = shift;
    exists($self->{'links'}) ? @{delete $self->{'links'}} : ();
}

# We override the parse_file() method so that we can clear the links
# before we start with a new file.
sub parse_file
{
    my $self = shift;
    delete $self->{'links'};
    $self->SUPER::parse_file(@_);
}

=back

=head1 EXAMPLE

This is an example showing how you can extract links as a document
is received using LWP:

  use LWP::UserAgent;
  use HTML::LinkExtor;
  use URI::URL;

  $url = "http://www.sn.no/";  # for instance
  $ua = new LWP::UserAgent;

  # Set up a callback that collect image links
  my @imgs = ();
  sub callback {
     my($tag, %attr) = @_;
     return if $tag ne 'img';  # we only look closer at <img ...>
     push(@imgs, values %attr);
  }

  # Make the parser.  Unfortunately, we don't know the base yet
  # (it might be diffent from $url)
  $p = HTML::LinkExtor->new(\&callback);

  # Request document and parse it as it arrives
  $res = $ua->request(HTTP::Request->new(GET => $url),
                      sub {$p->parse($_[0])});

  # Expand all image URLs to absolute ones
  my $base = $res->base;
  @imgs = map { $_ = url($_, $base)->abs; } @imgs;

  # Print them out
  print join("\n", @imgs), "\n";

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<HTML::Parser>

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 1996-1997 Gisle Aas.

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut

1;