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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Other Comparison Operators</TITLE><METANAME="GENERATOR"CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+"><LINKREL="HOME"TITLE="Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide"HREF="index.html"><LINKREL="UP"TITLE="Tests"HREF="tests.html"><LINKREL="PREVIOUS"TITLE="File test operators"HREF="fto.html"><LINKREL="NEXT"TITLE="Nested if/then Condition Tests"HREF="nestedifthen.html"><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type"CONTENT="text/css"><LINKREL="stylesheet"HREF="common/kde-common.css"TYPE="text/css"><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language"CONTENT="en"><LINKREL="stylesheet"HREF="common/kde-localised.css"TYPE="text/css"TITLE="KDE-English"><LINKREL="stylesheet"HREF="common/kde-default.css"TYPE="text/css"TITLE="KDE-Default"></HEAD><BODYCLASS="SECT1"BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"LINK="#AA0000"VLINK="#AA0055"ALINK="#AA0000"STYLE="font-family: sans-serif;"><DIVCLASS="NAVHEADER"><TABLESUMMARY="Header navigation table"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><THCOLSPAN="3"ALIGN="center">Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting</TH></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="fto.html"ACCESSKEY="P">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="80%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="bottom">Chapter 7. Tests</TD><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="nestedifthen.html"ACCESSKEY="N">Next</A></TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H1CLASS="SECT1"><ANAME="COMPARISON-OPS"></A>7.3. Other Comparison Operators</H1><P>A <ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">binary</I> comparison operator compares two variables or quantities. <SPANCLASS="emphasis"><ICLASS="EMPHASIS">Note that integer and string comparison use a different set of operators.</I></SPAN></P><DIVCLASS="VARIABLELIST"><P><B><ANAME="ICOMPARISON1"></A>integer comparison</B></P><DL><DT><ANAME="EQUALREF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-eq</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" -eq "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="NEQUALREF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-ne</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is not equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" -ne "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="GT0REF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-gt</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is greater than</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" -gt "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="GE0REF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-ge</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is greater than or equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" -ge "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="LT0REF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-lt</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is less than</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" -lt "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="LE0REF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-le</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is less than or equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" -le "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="INTLT"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN"><</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is less than (within <AHREF="dblparens.html">double parentheses</A>)</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>(("$a" < "$b"))</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="LTEQ"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN"><=</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is less than or equal to (within <AHREF="dblparens.html#DBLPARENSREF">double parentheses</A>)</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>(("$a" <= "$b"))</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="INTGT"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">></SPAN></DT><DD><P>is greater than (within double parentheses)</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>(("$a" > "$b"))</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="GTEQ"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">>=</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is greater than or equal to (within double parentheses)</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>(("$a" >= "$b"))</B></TT></P></DD></DL></DIV><DIVCLASS="VARIABLELIST"><P><B><ANAME="SCOMPARISON1"></A>string comparison</B></P><DL><DT><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">=</SPAN></DT><DD><P><ANAME="EQUALSIGNREF"></A></P><P>is equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" = "$b" ]</B></TT></P></DD><DT><ANAME="SCOMPARISON2"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">==</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" == "$b" ]</B></TT></P><P>This is a synonym for <SPANCLASS="TOKEN">=</SPAN>.</P><DIVCLASS="NOTE"><TABLECLASS="NOTE"WIDTH="90%"BORDER="0"><TR><TDWIDTH="25"ALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"><IMGSRC="common/note.png"HSPACE="5"ALT="Note"></TD><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"><P> The <SPANCLASS="TOKEN">==</SPAN> comparison operator behaves differently within a <AHREF="tests.html#DBLBRACKETS">double-brackets</A> test than within single brackets. <TABLEBORDER="0"BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"WIDTH="90%"><TR><TD><PRECLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"> 1 [[ $a == z* ]] # True if $a starts with an "z" (pattern matching). 2 [[ $a == "z*" ]] # True if $a is equal to z* (literal matching). 3 4 [ $a == z* ] # File globbing and word splitting take place. 5 [ "$a" == "z*" ] # True if $a is equal to z* (literal matching). 6 7 # Thanks, St閜hane Chazelas</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE> </P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV></DD><DT><ANAME="NOTEQUAL"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">!=</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is not equal to</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" != "$b" ]</B></TT></P><P>This operator uses pattern matching within a <AHREF="tests.html#DBLBRACKETS">[[ ... ]]</A> construct.</P></DD><DT><ANAME="LTREF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN"><</SPAN></DT><DD><P>is less than, in ASCII alphabetical order</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [[ "$a" < "$b" ]]</B></TT></P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" \< "$b" ]</B></TT></P><P>Note that the <SPANCLASS="QUOTE">"<"</SPAN> needs to be escaped within a <TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>[ ]</B></TT> construct.</P></DD><DT><ANAME="GTREF"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">></SPAN></DT><DD><P>is greater than, in ASCII alphabetical order</P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [[ "$a" > "$b" ]]</B></TT></P><P><TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>if [ "$a" \> "$b" ]</B></TT></P><P>Note that the <SPANCLASS="QUOTE">">"</SPAN> needs to be escaped within a <TTCLASS="USERINPUT"><B>[ ]</B></TT> construct.</P><P>See <AHREF="arrays.html#BUBBLE">Example 26-11</A> for an application of this comparison operator.</P></DD><DT><ANAME="STRINGNOTNULL"></A><SPANCLASS="TOKEN">-n</SPAN></DT><DD><P>string is not <SPANCLASS="QUOTE">"null."</SPAN></P><DIVCLASS="CAUTION"><TABLE⌨️ 快捷键说明
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