xrefindex.html

Shall高级编程

HREF="extmisc.html#DDCONVERSIONS"
>Conversions</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#DDCOPY"
>Copying raw data</A
>
        to/from devices</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#DDFDEL"
>File deletion</A
>,
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>secure</I
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#DDKEYSTROKES"
>Keystrokes</A
>, capturing</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#DDOPTIONS"
>Options</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#DDRANDOM"
>Random access</A
> on a data
        stream</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#DDSWAP"
>Swapfiles</A
>, initializing</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="biblio.html#DDLINK"
>Thread on
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>www.linuxquestions.org</I
></A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="debugging.html"
>Debugging scripts</A
>
         <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="debugging.html#DEBUGTOOLS"
>Tools</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="debugging.html#DEBUGTRAP"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Trapping</I
> at
        exit</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="debugging.html#TRAPREF1"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Trapping</I
>
          signals</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="numerical-constants.html#NUMCONSTANTS"
>Decimal number</A
>,
         Bash interprets numbers as</P
><P
><A
HREF="declareref.html#DECLARE1REF"
>declare</A
> builtin</P
><UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="declareref.html#DECLAREOPSREF1"
>options</A
></P
></LI
></UL
><P
><A
HREF="parameter-substitution.html#DEFPARAM"
>Default parameters</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="devproc.html#DEVPROCREF"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev</TT
></A
> directory

         <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="zeros.html#DEVNULLREF"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/null</TT
></A
>
           pseudo-device file</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="randomvar.html#URANDOMREF"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/urandom</TT
></A
>
         pseudo-device file, generating pseudorandom numbers
         with</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="zeros.html#ZEROSREF1"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/zero</TT
></A
>,
         pseudo-device file</P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="assortedtips.html#DIALOGREF"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>dialog</I
></A
>,
         utility for generating <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>dialog</I
> boxes in
         a script</P
><P
><A
HREF="variables2.html#DIRSTACKREF"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$DIRSTACK</TT
></A
>
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>directory stack</I
></P
><P
><A
HREF="restricted-sh.html#DISABLEDCOMMREF"
>Disabled commands</A
>,
         in <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>restricted shells</I
></P
><P
><A
HREF="loops.html#DOINREF"
>do</A
> keyword,
         begins execution of commands within a <A
HREF="loops.html#LOOPREF00"
>loop</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="loops.html#DOINREF"
>done</A
> keyword,
         terminates a loop</P
><P
><A
HREF="dosbatch.html#DOSBATCH1"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>DOS</I
> batch
         files</A
>, converting to shell scripts</P
><P
><A
HREF="dosbatch.html#DOSUNIXEQUIV"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>DOS</I
>
        commands</A
>, UNIX equivalents of
        (<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>table</B
>)</P
><P
><A
HREF="external.html#DOTFILESREF"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>dot files</I
></A
>,
         <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"hidden"</SPAN
> setup and configuration files</P
><P
><A
HREF="tests.html#DBLBRACKETS"
>Double brackets</A
>
         <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>[[ ... ]]</B
> <A
HREF="tests.html#IFTHEN"
>test</A
>
         construct</P
><P
><A
HREF="variables.html#DBLQUO"
>Double quotes</A
>
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>" ... "</B
> <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>weak</I
> quoting</P
><P
><A
HREF="sedawk.html#DOUBLESPACE"
>Double-spacing a text
        file</A
>, using <A
HREF="sedawk.html#SEDREF"
>sed</A
></P
><P
>* * *</P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>-e </B
>
        <A
HREF="fto.html#RTIF"
>File exists</A
> test</P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#ECHOREF"
>echo</A
>
         <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#ECHOGREPREF"
>Feeding commands down
        a <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>pipe</I
></A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#ECHOCS"
>Setting a variable</A
>
        using <A
HREF="commandsub.html#COMMANDSUBREF"
>command
        substitution</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#BINECHO"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin/echo</TT
></A
>,
	external <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>echo</I
> command</P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="tests.html#ELIFREF1"
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>elif</B
></A
>, Contraction
         of <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>else</I
> and <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>if</I
></P
><P
><A
HREF="testbranch.html#CASEESAC1"
>esac</A
>, keyword terminating
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>case</I
> construct</P
><P
><A
HREF="othertypesv.html#ENVREF"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Environmental</I
>
         variables</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="comparison-ops.html#EQUALREF"
> -eq </A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>is-equal-to</I
> <A
HREF="comparison-ops.html#ICOMPARISON1"
>integer
	 comparison</A
> test</P
><P
><A
HREF="arrays.html#PRIMES0"
>Eratosthenes,
         Sieve of</A
>, algorithm for generating prime numbers</P
><P
><A
HREF="escapingsection.html#SPM"
>Escaped characters</A
>,
         special meanings of</P
><P
><A
HREF="variables2.html#EUIDREF"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$EUID</TT
></A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Effective user ID</I
></P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#EVALREF"
>eval</A
>,
         Combine and <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>evaluate</I
> expression(s),
	 with variable expansion
	 <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#EVALEFF"
>Effects
        of</A
>, <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Example script</I
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#EVALFORCED"
>Forces
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>reevaluation</I
></A
> of
	arguments</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#EVALRISK"
>Risk of
        using</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="io-redirection.html#USINGEXECREF"
>exec</A
> command,
         using in <A
HREF="io-redirection.html#IOREDIRREF"
>redirection</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="exercises.html"
>Exercises</A
></P
><P
>Exit and Exit status
        <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="exit-status.html#EXITCOMMANDREF"
>exit</A
>
         command</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="exit-status.html#EXITSTATUSREF"
>Exit status</A
>
	  (<I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>exit code</I
>, <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>return</I
>
	  status of a command)</P
><P
><A
HREF="exitcodes.html#EXITCODESREF"
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>Table</B
></A
>,
	  <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Exit
          codes</I
> with special meanings</P
><P
><A
HREF="exitcodes.html#EXCOOR"
>Out of range</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#EXITRETURN1"
>           Specified by a <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>function
           return</I
></A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="exit-status.html#EXITSUCCESS"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Successful</I
></A
>,
	   <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>0</B
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#EXPORTREF2"
>Export</A
>,
         to make available variables to <A
HREF="othertypesv.html#CHILDREF"
>child processes</A
>
	 <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#EXPORTAWK"
>Passing a variable
        to an embedded <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>awk</I
>
	script</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="moreadv.html#EXPRREF"
>expr</A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Expression</I
> evaluator
	   <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="moreadv.html#EXPEXTRSUB"
>Substring
         extraction</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="string-manipulation.html#SUBSTRINGINDEX2"
>Substring
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>index</I
> (numerical position in
         string)</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="string-manipulation.html#EXPRMATCH"
>Substring
         matching</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="regexp.html#EXTREGEX"
>Extended <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Regular
         Expressions</I
></A
>
	  <UL
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>? </B
> (question mark)
          <A
HREF="regexp.html#QUEXREGEX"
>Match zero / one characters</A
>
	  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>( ... ) </B
>
          <A
HREF="regexp.html#PARENGRPS"
>Group
	  of expressions</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\{ N \}</B
>
         <A
HREF="regexp.html#ESCPCB"
><SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Curly"</SPAN
> brackets</A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>escaped</I
>,
	 number of character sets to match</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>+ </B
>
          <A
HREF="regexp.html#PLUSREF"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Character
          match</I
></A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
>* * *</P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#FALSEREF"
>false</A
>,
        returns <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>unsuccessful</I
> (1) <A
HREF="exit-status.html#EXITSTATUSREF"
>exit status</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="io-redirection.html#FDREF"
>File descriptors</A
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="io-redirection.html#CFD"
>Closing</A
></P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>n&#60;&#38;-</B
>
           Close input file descriptor <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>n</I
></P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>0&#60;&#38;-</B
>,
	   <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>&#60;&#38;-</B
>
           Close <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stdin</TT
></P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>n&#62;&#38;-</B
>
          Close output file descriptor <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>n</I
></P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>1&#62;&#38;-</B
>,
	   <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>&#62;&#38;-</B
>
	   Close <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stdout</TT
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="io-redirection.html#FDREF1"
>File handles in
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>C</I
></A
>, similarity to</P
></LI
></UL
><P
><A
HREF="moreadv.html#FINDREF"
>find</A
>
         <UL
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>{} </B
>
        <A
HREF="moreadv.html#CURLYBRACKETSREF"
>Curly
        brackets</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\; </B
>
        <A
HREF="moreadv.html#FINDREF0"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Escaped</I
>
        semicolon</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="special-chars.html#FILTERDEF"
>Filter</A
>
         <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="special-chars.html#FILTERDASH"
>Using <SPAN
CLASS="TOKEN"
>-</SPAN
>
        with file-processing utility as a filter</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="assortedtips.html#FILTEROUTP"
>         Feeding output of a filter back to <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>same</I
></SPAN
>
	 filter</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="operations.html#NOFLOATINGPOINT"
>Floating point numbers</A
>,
         Bash does not recognize</P
><P
><A
HREF="textproc.html#FOLDREF"
>fold</A
>, a filter to wrap lines of
        text</P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#FORKREF"
>Forking</A
> a <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>child</I
>
         process</P
><P
><A
HREF="loops.html#FORLOOPREF1"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>for</I
>
         loops</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#FUNCTIONREF"
>Functions</A
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#PASSEDARGS"
>Arguments
         passed</A
> referred to by position</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#CAPTURERETVAL"
>Capturing
        the return value</A
> of a function
	using <A
HREF="internal.html#ECHOREF"
>echo</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#FUNCTDEFMUST"
>Definition
         must precede</A
> first call to function</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#EXITRETURN1"
>Exit
         status</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="localvar.html#LOCALREF1"
>Local variables</A
></P
><P
>and <A
HREF="localvar.html#LOCVARRECUR"
>recursion</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="assortedtips.html#PASSARRAY"
>Passing
        an <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>array</I
></A
> to a
        function</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#FUNCPOINTERS"
>Passing pointers</A
>
	 to a function</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="localvar.html#RECURSIONREF0"
>Recursion</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#REDSTDINFUNC1"
>Redirecting
	 <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stdin</TT
></A
>
	 of a function</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#RETURNREF"
>return</A
></P
><P
><A
HREF="assortedtips.html#RETARRAY"
>           Returning an <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>array</I
></A
> from
	   a function</P
><P
><A
HREF="assortedtips.html#RVT"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>return</I
>
           range limits</A
>, workarounds</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="functions.html#FSHIFTREF"
><I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>shift</I
>
	 arguments passed</A
> to a function</P
></LI
></UL
><P
>* * *</P
><P
><A
HREF="extmisc.html#GETOPTY"
>getopt</A
>,
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>external</I
> command for parsing script
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>command-line</I
> arguments
	   <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="string-manipulation.html#GETOPTSIMPLE1"
>Emulated
         in a script</A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#GETOPTSX"
>getopts</A
>,
        Bash <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>builtin</I
> for parsing script
        <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>command-line</I
> arguments
	   <UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#GETOPTSOPT"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$OPTIND</TT
> /
         <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$OPTARG</TT
></A
></P
></LI
></UL
></P
><P
><A
HREF="globbingref.html#GLOBBINGREF2"
>Globbing</A
>,
         filename expansion</P
><P
><A
HREF="comparison-ops.html#GE0REF"
> -ge </A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>greater-than or equal</I
>
	 <A
HREF="comparison-ops.html#ICOMPARISON1"
>integer comparison</A
> test</P
><P
><A
HREF="comparison-ops.html#GT0REF"
> -gt </A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>greater-than</I
> <A
HREF="comparison-ops.html#ICOMPARISON1"
>integer
	 comparison</A
> test</P
><P
><A
HREF="variables2.html#GROUPSREF"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$GROUPS</TT
></A
>,
         <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>Groups</I
> user belongs to</P
><P
><A
HREF="filearchiv.html#GZIPREF"
>gzip</A
>, compression utility</P
><P
>* * *</P
><P
><A
HREF="internal.html#HASHREF"
>Hashing</A
>, creating lookup keys