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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Command-Line Options</TITLE><METANAME="GENERATOR"CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+"><LINKREL="HOME"TITLE="Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide"HREF="index.html"><LINKREL="PREVIOUS"TITLE="A Detailed Introduction to I/O and I/O Redirection"HREF="ioredirintro.html"><LINKREL="NEXT"TITLE="Bash Command-Line Options"HREF="bash-options.html"><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type"CONTENT="text/css"><LINKREL="stylesheet"HREF="common/kde-common.css"TYPE="text/css"><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language"CONTENT="en"><LINKREL="stylesheet"HREF="common/kde-localised.css"TYPE="text/css"TITLE="KDE-English"><LINKREL="stylesheet"HREF="common/kde-default.css"TYPE="text/css"TITLE="KDE-Default"></HEAD><BODYCLASS="APPENDIX"BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"LINK="#AA0000"VLINK="#AA0055"ALINK="#AA0000"STYLE="font-family: sans-serif;"><DIVCLASS="NAVHEADER"><TABLESUMMARY="Header navigation table"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><THCOLSPAN="3"ALIGN="center">Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting</TH></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="ioredirintro.html"ACCESSKEY="P">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="80%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="bottom"></TD><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="bash-options.html"ACCESSKEY="N">Next</A></TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"></DIV><DIVCLASS="APPENDIX"><H1><ANAME="COMMAND-LINE-OPTIONS"></A>Appendix F. Command-Line Options</H1><P>Many executables, whether binaries or script files, accept options to modify their run-time behavior. For example: from the command line, typing <BCLASS="COMMAND">command -o</B> would invoke <SPANCLASS="emphasis"><ICLASS="EMPHASIS">command</I></SPAN>, with option <TTCLASS="OPTION">o</TT>.</P><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H1CLASS="SECT1"><ANAME="STANDARD-OPTIONS"></A>F.1. Standard Command-Line Options</H1><P>Over time, there has evolved a loose standard for the meanings of command line option flags. The GNU utilities conform more closely to this <SPANCLASS="QUOTE">"standard"</SPAN> than older UNIX utilities.</P><P>Traditionally, UNIX command-line options consist of a dash, followed by one or more lowercase letters. The GNU utilities added a double-dash, followed by a complete word or compound word.</P><P>The two most widely-accepted options are:</P><UL><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-h</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--help</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Help</I>: Give usage message and exit.</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-v</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--version</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Version</I>: Show program version and exit.</P></LI></UL><P>Other common options are:</P><UL><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-a</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--all</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">All</I>: show <SPANCLASS="emphasis"><ICLASS="EMPHASIS">all</I></SPAN> information or operate on <SPANCLASS="emphasis"><ICLASS="EMPHASIS">all</I></SPAN> arguments.</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-l</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--list</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">List</I>: list files or arguments without taking other action.</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-o</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Output</I> filename</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-q</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--quiet</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Quiet</I>: suppress <TTCLASS="FILENAME">stdout</TT>.</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-r</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-R</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--recursive</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Recursive</I>: Operate recursively (down directory tree).</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-v</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--verbose</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Verbose</I>: output additional information to <TTCLASS="FILENAME">stdout</TT> or <TTCLASS="FILENAME">stderr</TT>.</P></LI><LI><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-z</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--compress</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Compress</I>: apply compression (usually <AHREF="filearchiv.html#GZIPREF">gzip</A>).</P></LI></UL><P>However:</P><UL><LI><P>In <BCLASS="COMMAND">tar</B> and <BCLASS="COMMAND">gawk</B>:</P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-f</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--file</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">File</I>: filename follows.</P></LI><LI><P>In <BCLASS="COMMAND">cp</B>, <BCLASS="COMMAND">mv</B>, <BCLASS="COMMAND">rm</B>:</P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">-f</TT></P><P><TTCLASS="OPTION">--force</TT></P><P><ICLASS="FIRSTTERM">Force</I>: force overwrite of target file(s).</P></LI></UL><DIVCLASS="CAUTION"><TABLECLASS="CAUTION"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"><TR><TDWIDTH="25"ALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"><IMGSRC="common/caution.png"HSPACE="5"ALT="Caution"></TD><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"><P>Many UNIX and Linux utilities deviate from this <SPANCLASS="QUOTE">"standard,"</SPAN> so it is dangerous to <SPANCLASS="emphasis"><ICLASS="EMPHASIS">assume</I></SPAN> that a given option will behave in a standard way. Always check the man page for the command in question when in doubt.</P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><P>A complete table of recommended options for the GNU utilities is available at <AHREF="http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/"TARGET="_top">the GNU standards page</A>.</P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="NAVFOOTER"><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"><TABLESUMMARY="Footer navigation table"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="ioredirintro.html"ACCESSKEY="P">Prev</A></TD><TDWIDTH="34%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="index.html"ACCESSKEY="H">Home</A></TD><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="top"><AHREF="bash-options.html"ACCESSKEY="N">Next</A></TD></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="top">A Detailed Introduction to I/O and I/O Redirection</TD><TDWIDTH="34%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="top"> </TD><TDWIDTH="33%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="top">Bash Command-Line Options</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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