change.log

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   (Thank you, Jochen, DeSmet.)
   Extended "empty-array.sh"
   (Thank you, Omair Eshkenazi.)

5) In "Tests" chapter:
     In "Test Constructs" section:
     Fixed comment typos in "broken-links.sh" example.
     (Thank you, Omair Eshkenazi.)
     Added material to note about "test" builtin and /usr/bin/test
     not being equivalent.
     In "Other Comparison Operators" section:
     Rewrote the (short) intro.
     In "Test Your Knowledge of Tests" section:
     Updated intro to example snippet.

6) In "$RANDOM" section of "Variables Revisited" chapter:
   Fixed typo in comment in Jipe's in-line example.
   Added comment to "random-between.sh" example.
   (Thank you, Omair Eshkenazi, for both of the above.)

7) In the "Security Issues Section" of the "Miscellany" chapter:
   Fixed typo in second paragraph.
   (Thank you, Omair Eshkenazi.)

8) In "List Constructs" chapter:
   Modified "and list" setting variable to default value in-line example.
   (Thank you, Omair Eshkenazi.)

9) In "Job Control Commands" section of
  "Internal Commands and Builtins" chapter:
   At "kill" entry, added comment about additional file giving signal
   listing.

10) In "Time/Date Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
    At "touch" entry, added tip about not overwriting files.

11) In "Internal Commands and Builtins" chapter:
    Added short usage examples to "true" and "false" entries.

12) In "Bash, version 3" section of "Bash, versions 2 and 3" chapter:
    Added "pipefail" option.
    Also added this to table in "Options" chapter.
    At {x..y} "braces expansion operator entry,
    added a simple "echo" using this.
    (Thank you, Damon Puncer, for the suggestion.)

13) In "File and Archiving Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:
    At "diff" entry, added note about "diffstat."
    Moved "sum/cksum/md5sum/sha1sum" and "shred" entries
    to "Encoding and Encryption" subsection.

14) In "Contributed Scripts" appendix:
    Added "ha.sh" hashing script.
    (Thank you, Oliver Beckstein.)
    Added comments to "fifo.sh" script.
    (Thank you, Omair Eshkenazi.)
    More explicit reference to Mark Moraes copyright before
    his two scripts.

15) Moved "Here Documents" chapter from "Beyond the Basics" section to
   "Advanced Topics" section.

16) Moved "I/O Redirection" chapter from "Beyond the Basics" section to
   "Advanced Topics" section.

17) In "/dev" section of "/dev and /proc" chapter:
    Added material to "socket" footnote.

18) Split off the three "Command" chapters into a different Part.
    Put an alphabetical command cross-reference into the Introduction
    to that Part.
    >> This is a major reorganization of the document. <<

19) In "Special Characters" chapter:
    Added "extended brace expansion" (Bash 3+) entry.
    Added "{} -- placeholder for text after "xargs -i" . . .

20) In "Reference Cards" appendix:
    In "Miscellaneous Constructs" table:
      Added "extended brace expansion" (Bash 3+) entry.
      Added "{}" (text replacement) entry.
      Added more hypertext links.
      Cleanups.

21) Delineated all references to "root user" with <firstterm> tags.

22) Changed many of the <emphasis> tags in the document
    to more appropriate <firstterm>, <filename>, and <varname>, etc.

23) Changed certain of the <varname> tags to the more appropriate <parameter>.

24) Various minor fixups on example scripts.



Version 3.9
Spiceberry release, 05/15/06

1) In the "Starting Off With a Sha-Bang" chapter:
   Added footnote that when launching a script from Bash,
   the #! isn't strictly necessary.
   (Thank you, Diane Holt, for bringing this to my attention.)

2) In "I/O Redirection" chapter:
   At introduction to chapter,
   Added explanatory examples in introductory in-line code block.
   At "Using Exec" section,
   Added brief explanation of different effects of "exec N > filename" and "N > filename."

   (Thank you, Ahmed Darwish, for both of the above.)

3) In "Special Characters" chapter:
   At "$" entry, added an additional usage example.
   At "$$" entry, added footnote explaining of what a PID is.
   At redirection operators entry, added "<>" description.
   At "-" entry, fixup on "bunzip2" example.
   (Thanks, Roman.)

4) In "Miscellaneous Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
   At "yes" entry,
   added parsing of variables.

5) In "File and Archiving Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:
   At "gzip" entry, added note about "-c" option.

6) In "Manipulating Strings" section of "Variables Revisited" chapter:
   At "${string%%substring}" entry,
   added "ra2ogg.sh" example script.

7) In "Bash, version 3" section of "Bash, versions 2 and 3" chapter
   Added "Bash, version 3.1" subsection.
     Entry for "+=" operator.

8) In "Subshells" chapter:
   Modified final note about command list within curly brackets,
   per suggestion of Andreas K黨ne.

9) In "Gotchas" chapter:
   Converted separate entries to bulleted-item list.
   Added entry for error in leaving out termination semicolon in command
   block within curly braces.
    (Thank you, Andreas K黨ne.)

10) In "Writing Scripts" section of "Exercises" appendix:
      Added "Checking whether a process is still running" exercise
      ("Easy" section).

11) "System and Administrative Commands" chapter:
     Minor revision of "strace" entry.
     Added "ltrace" entry.
     Added "lspci" entry.

12) In "Contributed Scripts" appendix:
    Minor modification to "life.sh" script, to check for missing startfile.

13) In "Reference Cards" appendix:
    Fixed up error in "Miscellaneous Constructs" table (terminating
    semicolon in command list within curly brackets).
    (Thank you, Andreas K黨ne.)

14) In "Revision History" appendix:
    Fixed embarrassing typos.

15) Various minor fixups on example scripts.


Version 3.8
Blaeberry release, 02/26/06

1) In "Special Characters" chapter:
   Minor additions to leadin to "control characters" entries,
   and to "Ctl-K" and "Ctl-L" entries.

2) In "Introduction to Variables and Parameters" chapter:
     Rewrote lead-in.
   In "Variable Substitution" section:
   Added inline example of difference between variable name and value.
   Added escaped whitespace example to "ex9.sh" script.

3) In "Basic Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:   
   At "cp" entry, added example of using -u option.

4) At beginning "Regular Expressions" chapter,
   added Stowe Boyd epigraph.

5) "System and Administrative Commands" chapter:
   In "Job Control" subsection,
     Added "pgrep/pkill" entry.
     At "ps" entry, mentioned "aux" options.
   In "Filesystem" subsection,
     At "lockfile" entry, more material, including usage example and
     footnote.
     Added "flock" entry.

6) In "File and Archiving Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:
   At "sha1sum" entry, added paragraph about security consultants'
   misgivings.
   More info at "cpio" entry.

7) In "Parameter Substitution" section of "Variables Revisited" chapter:
   Fixed minor typo at "${parameter:+alt_value}" example.
   (Thank you, Jemshad O K)

8) Partitioned  "Security Issues Section" of the "Miscellany" chapter
   into two subsections.
   Added subsection about "shc" utility for compiling script source.

9) In "Loops" section of "Loops and Branches" chapter:
   Applied fixup to "bin-grep.sh" example.
   (Thank you, Anton Filippov.)

10) In "Redirecting Code Blocks" section of "I/O Redirection" chapter:
    Corrected annotation in final section of "redir2.sh" example.
    (Thank you, Brian Onn.)

11) In "Internal Commands and Builtins" chapter:
    Added "revposparams.sh" example.
    (Thank you, Dan Jacobson.)
    More info at "nmap" entry.

12) In "Text Processing" section of "External Commands" Chapter:   
   At "egrep" / "fgrep" entry, added note about boolean "|" operator.

13) In "Here Strings" section of "Here Documents" chapter:
    Added short inline usage example.
    Added "mailbox_grep.sh" example.
    (Thank you, Francisco Lobo, for both of the above.)

14) Added "Bash Command-Line Options"  section to (retitled) "Command
   Line Options" appendix.

15) In "Copyright" appendix:
    Added anti-DRM provisions.

16) Various minor fixups on example scripts.




Version 3.7
Whortleberry release, 10/23/05

1) In "Special Characters" chapter:
   At "whitespace" entry, added footnote about newline/linefeed.

2) In "Basic Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:   
   At "ln" entry, noted that only symbolic links can refer to a directory.

3) In "Text Processing Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:   
   Modified comments in "wf.sh" example.
   At "grep" entry, fixed 2 typos
      "Now, let's search this file . . . "
      "printf 'a b\nc  d\n\n\n\n\n\000\n\000e\000\000\nf' | grep -cz ."
   At "diff" entry, fixed typo ("spiff" --> "sdiff").
   (Thank you, Frank Wang.)
   At "colrm" entry, changed "warning" to "caution" -- toned it down a bit.
   At "cut" entry,
     Added note about using linefeed as delimiter.
      (Thank you, Jaka Kranjc.)
     Got rid of unnecessary "cat" in inline example.
   At "iconv" entry, added snippet of code from "booklistgen.sh" script.
   (Thank you, Peter Knowles, for permission to use it.)

4) In "Complex Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:   
   At "expr" entry, added usage example of escaped parentheses.
   (Thank you, Peter Knowles, for permission to use it.)

5) In "File and Archiving Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:
   Added "sha1sum" command at Frank Wang's suggestion.

6) In "Communications Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
   In "Remote Host Access" subsection, added "scp" entry.
   Added material at "uucp" entry.
   Added "uux" entry.
   At "wget" listing, added comments.

   At "rsync" entry, fixed up usage example.
   Added "fc4upd.sh" example.
   (Thank you, Frank Wang.)

7) In "Complex Commands" section of "External Commands" Chapter:   
   At "xargs" entry, added footnote about speeding up execution.

8) In "Math Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
   Added Frank Wang's comments to "monthlypmt.sh" example.

9) In "Miscellaneous Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
   At "tee" entry, redesigned diagram for greater clarity.

10) In "Testing and Branching" section of "Loops and Branches" chapter:
    Rewrote explanation of filename "globbing" in the [list] of a for-loop
    and added comments to "list-glob.sh" example.

11) In "Quoting" chapter:
    Added sidebar near beginning of chapter.
    Removed intro paragraph (superfluous) at beginning of "Quoting Variables"
    section.

12) In "$RANDOM" section of "Variables Revisited" chapter:
    Added comment to "ex21.sh" example.

13) In "Command Substitution" chapter:
    Added footnote about nesting command substitution with backticks
    by using escaping.
    (Thanks, John Default.)

14) In "System and Administrative Commands" chapter:
    Moved "dmesg" entry to "Information and Statistics" subsection.
    In "Process Control and Booting" subsection, added "service" entry.
    At "uptime" entry, added note about load average.
    Fixups at "terminals and modes" sidebar, second example.
    (Thank you, Mark Norman.)

15) In "Bibliography" section:
    Added reference and URL for Col Needham's original IBDB scripts.

16) Numerous typos corrected, per a list sent in by Mark Norman (thanks!).

17) Various changes and fixups in example scripts.





Version 3.6
Pokeberry release, 08/28/05

1) In "Special Characters" chapter:
   At "-" (redirection from/to stdin or stdout [dash]) entry,
   corrected comments.
   (Thank you, Frank Wang.)
   Replaced flawed first example at "brace expansion" entry.
   Added quoting comment at "whitespace" entry.
   
2) In "Operators" subsection of "Operations and Related Topics" chapter:
   Removed unnecessary "echo" from modulo operator usage example.
   (Thank you, Pasha Zubkov.)

3) In "/proc" section of "/dev and /proc" chapter:
   Added comment to "pid-identifier.sh" example, per Teemu Huovila.
   (Thanks!)

4) In "Testing and Branching" section of "Loops and Branches" chapter:
   Changed description of "case" construct from "equivalent of"
   to "analog to" "switch" in C/C++.
   (Thank you, Teemu Huovila.)

5) In "Communications Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
   Added "rsync" entry.

6) In "Miscellaneous Commands" section of "External Commands" chapter:
   Added additional usage example at "jot/seq" entry.

7) In "Internal Commands and Builtins" chapter:
   Added "testing 'false'" to "false" entry example.
   (Thank you, Joe Friedrichsen for the suggestion.)
   At "getopts" entry, made corrections in description of behavior of
   $GETOPTS.
   (Thank you, Pharis Monalo.)
   At "source" entry, added notes about passing arguments to "sourced"
   file and using a "return" to pass control back to the calling script.
   Added "caller" entry.

8) In "Contributed Scripts" appendix:
   Made changes to "whx.sh" script.

9) In "Test Constructs" section of "Tests" chapter:
   Fixed up "ex.11.sh" example for difference in Bash 3.x behavior.
   (Thank you, Frank Wang.)