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<h1>XPath Axes</h1>
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<h2>The XML Example Document</h2>
<p>We will use the following XML document in the examples below.</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table2">
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<td>
<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?></pre>
<pre><bookstore></pre>
<pre><book>
<title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
<pre><book>
<title lang="eng">Learning XML</title>
<price>39.95</price>
</book></pre>
<pre></bookstore>
</pre>
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<h2>XPath Axes</h2>
<p>An axis defines a node-set relative to the current node.</p>
<table class="ex" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="100%" id="table1">
<tr>
<td width="38%" valign="top"><b>AxisName</b></td>
<td width="62%" valign="top"><b>Result</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ancestor</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ancestor-or-self</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node
and the current node itself</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">attribute</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all attributes of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">child</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all children of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">descendant</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">descendant-or-self</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node
and the current node itself</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">following</td>
<td valign="top">Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">following-sibling</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all siblings after the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">namespace</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all namespace nodes of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">parent</td>
<td valign="top">Selects the parent of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">preceding</td>
<td valign="top">Selects everything in the document that is before the start tag of the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">preceding-sibling</td>
<td valign="top">Selects all siblings before the current node</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">self</td>
<td valign="top">Selects the current node</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<hr />
<h2>Location Path Expression</h2>
<p>A location path can be absolute or relative.</p>
<p>An absolute location path starts with a slash ( / ) and a relative location
path does not. In both cases the location path consists of one or more
steps, each separated by a slash:</p>
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<pre>An absolute location path:</pre>
<pre>/step/step/...</pre>
<pre>A relative location path:</pre>
<pre>step/step/...</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Each step is evaluated against the nodes in the current node-set.</p>
<p>A step consists of:</p>
<ul>
<li>an axis (defines the tree-relationship between the selected nodes and the current node)</li>
<li>a node-test (identifies a node within an axis)</li>
<li>zero or more predicates (to further refine the selected
node-set)</li>
</ul>
<p>The syntax for a location step is:</p>
<table class="ex" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<pre>axisname::nodetest[predicate]</pre>
</td>
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</table>
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