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<h1>XPath Nodes</h1>
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<p class="intro">In XPath, there are seven kinds of nodes: element, attribute,
text, namespace, processing-instruction, comment, and document (root) nodes.</p>
<hr />
<h2>XPath Terminology</h2>
<h3>Nodes</h3>
<p>In XPath, there are seven kinds of nodes: element,
attribute, text, namespace, processing-instruction, comment, and document (root) nodes.
XML documents are treated as trees of nodes. The root of the tree is called
the document node (or root node).</p>
<p>Look at the following XML document:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table12">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?></pre>
<pre><bookstore></pre>
<pre><book>
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
<pre></bookstore></pre>
</td>
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</table>
<p>Example of nodes in the XML document above:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table19">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><bookstore> (document node)</pre>
<pre><author>J K. Rowling</author> (element node)</pre>
<pre>lang="en" (attribute node)</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Atomic values</h3>
<p>Atomic values are nodes with no children or parent.</p>
<p>Example of atomic values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table13">
<tr>
<td>
<pre>J K. Rowling</pre>
<pre>"en"</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Items</h3>
<p>Items are atomic values or nodes.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Relationship of Nodes</h2>
<h3>Parent</h3>
<p>Each element and attribute has one parent.</p>
<p>In the following example; the book element is the parent of the title, author, year, and price:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table15">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><book>
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Children</h3>
<p>Element nodes may have zero, one or more children.</p>
<p>In the following example; the title, author, year, and price elements are all
children of the book element:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table14">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><book>
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Siblings</h3>
<p>Nodes that have the same parent.</p>
<p>In the following example; the title, author, year, and price elements are all
siblings:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table18">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><book>
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Ancestors</h3>
<p>A node's parent, parent's parent, etc.</p>
<p>In the following example; the ancestors of the title element are the book element
and the bookstore element:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table16">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><bookstore></pre>
<pre><book>
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
<pre></bookstore></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Descendants</h3>
<p>A node's children, children's children, etc.</p>
<p>In the following example; descendants of the bookstore element are the book,
title, author, year, and price elements:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" id="table17">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><bookstore></pre>
<pre><book>
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
<pre></bookstore></pre>
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