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<h1>XQuery Example</h1>
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<p class="intro">Let's try to learn some basic XQuery syntax by looking at an example.</p>
<hr />
<h2>The XML Example Document</h2>
<p>We will use the following XML document in the examples below.</p>
<p>"books.xml":</p>
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<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?></pre>
<pre><bookstore></pre>
<pre><book category="COOKING">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book></pre>
<pre><book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
<pre><book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
<author>James McGovern</author>
<author>Per Bothner</author>
<author>Kurt Cagle</author>
<author>James Linn</author>
<author>Vaidyanathan Nagarajan</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>49.99</price>
</book></pre>
<pre><book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</book></pre>
<pre></bookstore>
</pre>
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<p><a target="_blank" href="books.xml">View the "books.xml" file in your browser</a>.</p>
<hr />
<h2>How to Select Nodes From "books.xml"?</h2>
<h3>Functions</h3>
<p>XQuery uses functions to extract data from XML documents.</p>
<p>The doc() function is used to open the "books.xml" file:</p>
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<pre>doc("books.xml")</pre>
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<h3>Path Expressions</h3>
<p>XQuery uses path expressions to navigate through elements in an XML document.</p>
<p>The following path expression is used to select all the title elements in
the "books.xml" file:</p>
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<pre>doc("books.xml")<span class="insert">/bookstore/book/title</span></pre>
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<p>(/bookstore selects the bookstore element, /book selects all the book elements
under the bookstore element, and /title selects all the title elements under each book
element)</p>
<p>The XQuery above will extract the following:</p>
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<td>
<pre><title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Predicates</h3>
<p>XQuery uses predicates to limit the extracted data from XML documents.</p>
<p>The following predicate is used to select all the book elements under
the bookstore element that have a price element with a value that is less than
30:</p>
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<pre>doc("books.xml")/bookstore/book<span class="insert">[price<30]</span></pre>
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<p>The XQuery above will extract the following:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0">
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<td>
<pre><book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book></pre>
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