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<h1>HTML Uniform Resource Locators</h1>
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<hr />
<h2>HTML Links</h2>
<p>When you click on a link in an HTML document like this: <a target="_blank" href="lastpage.htm">Last
Page</a>, an underlying <a> tag points to a place (an address) on the Web
with an href attribute value like this: <a href="lastpage.htm">Last
Page</a>.</p>
<p>The Last Page link in the example is a link that is relative to the Web site
that you are browsing, and your browser will construct a full Web address like <a href="lastpage.htm" target="_blank">http://www.w3schools.com/html/lastpage.htm</a>
to access the page.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Uniform Resource Locators</h2>
<p>Something called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a
document (or other data) on the
World Wide Web. A full Web address like this: <a href="lastpage.htm" target="_blank">http://www.w3schools.com/html/lastpage.htm</a>
follows these syntax rules:</p>
<p><b>scheme<tt>://</tt>host.domain<tt>:</tt>port<tt>/</tt>path<tt>/</tt>filename</b></p>
The <b>scheme</b> is defining the <b>type</b> of Internet service. The most
common type is <b>http</b>.
<p>The <b>domain</b> is defining the Internet <b>domain name</b> like
w3schools.com.</p>
<p>The <b>host</b> is defining the domain host. If omitted, the default host for
http is <b>www</b>.</p>
<p>The <b>:port</b> is defining the <b>port number </b>at the host. The port
number is normally omitted. The default port number for http is <b>80</b>. </p>
<p>The <b>path</b> is defining a <b>path</b> (a sub directory) at the server.
If the path is omitted, the resource (the document) must be located at the root
directory of the Web site.</p>
<p>The <b>filename</b> is defining the name of a document. The default filename
might be default.asp, or index.html or something else depending on the settings
of the Web server.</p>
<hr />
<h2>URL Schemes</h2>
<p>Some examples of the most common schemes can be found below:</p>
<table class="ex" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="top">Schemes</th>
<th align="left">Access</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>file</td>
<td>a file on your local PC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ftp</td>
<td>a file on an FTP server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>http</td>
<td>a file on a World Wide Web Server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gopher</td>
<td>a file on a Gopher server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>news</td>
<td>a Usenet newsgroup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>telnet</td>
<td>a Telnet connection</td>
</tr>
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