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<h1>XML Tree</h1>
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<p class="intro">XML documents form a tree structure that starts at "the root" and branches to
"the leaves".</p>
<hr />
<h2>An Example XML Document</h2>
<p>XML documents use a self-describing and simple syntax:</p>
<table class="ex" width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td><pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
The first line is the XML declaration. It defines
the XML version (1.0) and the encoding used (ISO-8859-1 = Latin-1/West European character set).
</p>
<p>
The next line describes the <b>root element </b>of the document (like saying:
"this
document is a note"):
</p>
<table class="ex" width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td>
<pre><note></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The next 4 lines describe 4 <b>child elements</b> of the root (to, from, heading, and
body):</p>
<table class="ex" width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td>
<pre><to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>And finally the last line defines the end of the root element:</p>
<table class="ex" width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td>
<pre></note></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>You can assume, from this example, that the XML document contains a note to
Tove from Jani.</p>
<p>Don't you agree that XML is pretty self-descriptive?</p>
<hr />
<h2>XML Documents Form a Tree Structure</h2>
<p>XML documents must contain a <b>root element</b>. This element is "the
parent" of all other elements.</p>
The elements in an XML document form a document tree.
The tree starts at the root and branches to the lowest level of the tree.<p>
All elements can have sub elements (child elements):</p>
<table class="ex" width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td>
<pre><root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root> </pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
The terms parent, child, and sibling are used to describe the relationships between
elements. Parent elements have children. Children on the same level are called
siblings (brothers or sisters).</p>
<p>
All elements can have text content and attributes (just like in HTML).</p>
<hr />
<h2>Example:</h2>
<img border="0" src="nodetree.gif" alt="DOM node tree" width="486" height="275" />
<p>The image above represents one book in the XML below:</p>
<table class="ex" width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="table1">
<tr><td><pre><bookstore>
<book category="COOKING">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The root element in the example is
<bookstore>. All <book> elements in the document are
contained within <bookstore>.<p>The <book> element has 4
children: <title>,< author>, <year>, <price>.</p>
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