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<h1>XSLT - Transformation</h1>
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<p class="intro">Example study: How to transform XML into XHTML using XSLT.</p>
<p class="intro">The details of this example will be explained in the next
chapter. </p>
<hr />
<h2>Correct Style Sheet Declaration</h2>
<p>The root element that declares the document to be an XSL style sheet is <xsl:stylesheet>
or <xsl:transform>.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> <xsl:stylesheet> and <xsl:transform> are completely synonymous
and either can be used!</p>
<p>The correct way to declare an XSL style sheet according to the W3C XSLT Recommendation
is:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td><pre><xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>or:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td><pre><xsl:transform version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>To get access to the XSLT elements, attributes and features we must declare
the XSLT namespace at the top of the document.</p>
<p>The xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
points to the official W3C XSLT namespace. If you use this
namespace, you must also include the attribute version="1.0".</p>
<hr />
<h2>Start with a Raw XML Document</h2>
<p>We want to <b>transform</b> the following XML document ("cdcatalog.xml") into
XHTML:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<catalog>
<cd>
<title>Empire Burlesque</title>
<artist>Bob Dylan</artist>
<country>USA</country>
<company>Columbia</company>
<price>10.90</price>
<year>1985</year>
</cd>
.
.
.
</catalog></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Viewing XML Files in Firefox and Internet Explorer:</b> Open the XML file
(typically by clicking on a link) - The XML document will be displayed with
color-coded root and child elements. A plus (+) or minus sign (-) to the left of
the elements can be clicked to expand or collapse the element structure. To view
the raw XML source (without the + and - signs), select "View Page Source" or
"View Source" from the browser menu.</p>
<p><b>Viewing XML Files in Netscape 6:</b> Open the XML file, then right-click
in XML file and select "View Page Source". The XML document will then be
displayed with color-coded root and child elements.</p>
<p><b>Viewing XML Files in Opera 7:</b> Open the XML file, then right-click in
XML file and select "Frame" / "View Source". The XML document will be displayed
as plain text.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="cdcatalog.xml">View "cdcatalog.xml"</a></p>
<hr />
<h2>Create an XSL Style Sheet</h2>
<p>Then you create an XSL Style Sheet ("cdcatalog.xsl") with a transformation template: </p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?></pre>
<pre><xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"></pre>
<pre><xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>My CD Collection</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
<th align="left">Title</th>
<th align="left">Artist</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template></pre>
<pre></xsl:stylesheet></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a target="_blank" href="cdcatalog.xsl">View "cdcatalog.xsl"</a></p>
<hr />
<h2>Link the XSL Style Sheet to the XML Document</h2>
<p>Add the XSL style sheet reference to your XML document ("cdcatalog.xml"):</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<span class="insert"><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdcatalog.xsl"?></span>
<catalog>
<cd>
<title>Empire Burlesque</title>
<artist>Bob Dylan</artist>
<country>USA</country>
<company>Columbia</company>
<price>10.90</price>
<year>1985</year>
</cd>
.
.
.
</catalog></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>If you have an XSLT compliant browser it will nicely <b>transform</b> your
XML into XHTML.</p>
<p> <a href="cdcatalog_with_xsl.xml" target="_blank">View the result</a></p>
<p>The details of the example above will be explained in the next chapters.</p>
<hr />
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