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div.ex:first-letter
{
color: #ff0000;
font-size:xx-large;
}
div.ex2:first-line
{
color:#0000ff;
font-variant:small-caps;
}
div.ex1:first-letter
{
color: #ff0000;
font-size:xx-large;
}
div.ex1:first-line
{
color: #0000ff;
}
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<p>From <b>http://www.w3schools.com</b> (Copyright Refsnes Data)</p>
<h1>CSS Pseudo-elements</h1>
<a href="css_pseudo_classes.asp"><img border="0" src="../images/btn_previous.gif" alt="Previous" /></a>
<a href="css_image_gallery.asp"><img border="0" src="../images/btn_next.gif" width="100" height="20" alt="Next" /></a>
<hr />
<p class="intro">CSS pseudo-elements are used to add special effects
to some selectors.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p><a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp@filename=trycss_firstletter">Make the first letter special</a><br />
This example demonstrates how to add a special effect to the first
letter of a text.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp@filename=trycss_firstline">Make the first line special</a><br />
This example demonstrates how to add a special effect to the first line of a text.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp@filename=trycss_firstline_letter">Make the
first letter and first line special</a><br />
This example demonstrates how to add a special effect to the first letter and
the first line of a text.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp@filename=trycss_before">Use :before to
insert some content before the content of an element</a> (Does not work in IE)<br />
This example demonstrates how to use the :before pseudo-element to insert an
image before an element.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp@filename=trycss_after">Use :after to
insert some content after the content of an element</a> (Does not work in IE)<br />
This example demonstrates how to use the :after pseudo-element to insert an
image after an element.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<p>The syntax of pseudo-elements:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>selector:pseudo-element {property: value}</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-elements:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>selector.class:pseudo-element {property: value}</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<br />
<hr />
<h2>The :first-line Pseudo-element</h2>
<p>The "first-line" pseudo-element is used to add special styles to the first line
of the text in a selector:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>p:first-line {color:#0000ff;font-variant:small-caps}</pre>
<pre><p>Some text that ends up on two or more lines</p></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The output could be something like this:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<div class="ex2">Some text that ends<br />
up on two or more lines</div>
</td></tr></table>
<p>In the example above the browser displays the first line formatted according
to the "first-line" pseudo element. <b>Where</b> the browser breaks the line
depends on the size of the browser window.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> The "first-line" pseudo-element can only be used with block-level
elements.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> The following properties apply to the "first-line" pseudo-element: </p>
<ul>
<li> font properties</li>
<li>color properties </li>
<li> background properties</li>
<li>word-spacing</li>
<li>letter-spacing</li>
<li>text-decoration</li>
<li>vertical-align</li>
<li>text-transform</li>
<li>line-height</li>
<li>clear</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>The :first-letter Pseudo-element</h2>
<p>The "first-letter" pseudo-element is used to add special style to the first
letter of the text in a selector:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>p:first-letter {color:#ff0000;font-size:xx-large}</pre>
<pre><p>The first words of an article...</p></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The output could be something like this:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<div class="ex">The first words of an article...</div></td></tr></table>
<p><b>Note:</b>
The "first-letter" pseudo-element can only be used with block-level elements.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> The following properties apply to the "first-letter" pseudo- element: </p>
<ul>
<li> font properties</li>
<li> color properties </li>
<li> background properties</li>
<li>margin properties</li>
<li>padding properties</li>
<li>border properties</li>
<li>text-decoration</li>
<li>vertical-align (only if "float" is "none")</li>
<li>text-transform</li>
<li>line-height</li>
<li>float</li>
<li>clear</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Pseudo-elements and CSS Classes</h2>
<p>
Pseudo-elements can be combined with CSS classes: </p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>p.article:first-letter {color:#ff0000}</pre>
<pre><p class="article">A paragraph in an article</p></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The example above will make the first letter of all paragraphs with class="article" red.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Multiple Pseudo-elements</h2>
<p>Several pseudo-elements can be combined:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>p:first-letter {color:#ff0000;font-size:xx-large}
p:first-line {color:#0000ff}</pre>
<pre><p>The first words of an article...</p></pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>The output could be something like this:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<div class="ex1">The first<br />
words of an<br />
article...</div>
</td></tr></table>
<p>In the example above the first letter of the paragraph will be red with a font size of 24pt. The rest of the first line
would be blue while the rest of the paragraph would be the default color.</p>
<hr />
<h2>CSS2 - The :before Pseudo-element</h2>
<p>The ":before" pseudo-element can be used to insert some content before
the content of an element.</p>
<p>The style below will play a sound before each occurrence of an <h1> element:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<p>h1:before<br />
{<br />
content: url(beep.wav)<br />
}</p>
</td></tr></table>
<br />
<hr />
<h2>CSS2 - The :after Pseudo-element</h2>
<p>The ":after" pseudo-element can be used to insert some content
after the content of an element.</p>
<p>The style below will play a sound after each occurrence of an <h1> element:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<p>h1:after<br />
{<br />
content: url(beep.wav)<br />
}</p>
</td></tr></table>
<br />
<hr />
<h2>Pseudo-elements</h2>
<p>
<b>Browser support:</b> IE: Internet Explorer, F: Firefox, N: Netscape.</p>
<p>
<b>W3C:</b> The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation
the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).</p>
<table class="ex" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="100%" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="top" width="25%">Pseudo-element</th>
<th align="left" valign="top" width="55%">Purpose</th>
<th align="left" valign="top" width="5%">IE</th>
<th align="left" valign="top" width="4%">F</th>
<th align="left" valign="top" width="4%">N</th>
<th align="left" valign="top" width="7%">W3C</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><a href="pr_pseudo_first-letter.asp">:first-letter</a></td>
<td valign="top">Adds special style to the first letter
of a text</td>
<td valign="top">5</td>
<td valign="top">1</td>
<td valign="top">8</td>
<td valign="top">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><a href="pr_pseudo_first-line.asp">:first-line</a></td>
<td valign="top">Adds special style to the first line
of a text</td>
<td valign="top">5</td>
<td valign="top">1</td>
<td valign="top">8</td>
<td valign="top">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><a href="pr_pseudo_before.asp">:before</a></td>
<td valign="top">Inserts some content before the content of an element</td>
<td valign="top"> </td>
<td valign="top">1.5</td>
<td valign="top">8</td>
<td valign="top">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><a href="pr_pseudo_after.asp">:after</a></td>
<td valign="top">Inserts some content after the content of an element</td>
<td valign="top"> </td>
<td valign="top">1.5</td>
<td valign="top">8</td>
<td valign="top">2</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<hr />
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<p>From <b>http://www.w3schools.com</b> (Copyright Refsnes Data)</p>
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