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<h1>XSD Complex Types Indicators</h1>
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<p class="intro">We can control HOW elements are to be used in documents with indicators.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Indicators</h2>
<p>There are seven indicators:</p>
<p><b>Order indicators:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>All</li>
<li>Choice</li>
<li>Sequence</li>
</ul>
<p><b>Occurrence indicators:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>maxOccurs</li>
<li>minOccurs</li>
</ul>
<p><b>Group indicators:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>Group name</li>
<li>attributeGroup name</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Order Indicators</h2>
<p>Order indicators are used to define the order of the elements.</p>
<p><b>All Indicator</b></p>
<p>The <all>
indicator specifies that the child elements can appear in any order, and that
each child element must occur only once: </p>
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<td>
<pre><xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:all>
<xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:all>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element></pre>
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<p><b>Note:</b> When using the <all> indicator you can set the <minOccurs>
indicator to 0 or 1 and the <maxOccurs> indicator can only be set to 1 (the <minOccurs>
and <maxOccurs> are described later). </p>
<p><b>Choice Indicator</b></p>
<p>The <choice>
indicator specifies that either one child element or another can occur:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:choice>
<xs:element name="employee" type="employee"/>
<xs:element name="member" type="member"/>
</xs:choice>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element></pre>
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<p><b>Sequence Indicator</b></p>
<p>The <sequence> indicator specifies that the child elements must appear in a specific order:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0">
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<td>
<pre><xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element></pre>
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<br />
<hr />
<h2>Occurrence Indicators</h2>
<p>Occurrence indicators are used to define how often an element can occur.</p>
<p><b>Note: </b>For all "Order" and "Group" indicators (any, all, choice, sequence,
group name, and group reference) the
default value for maxOccurs and minOccurs is 1.</p>
<p><b>maxOccurs Indicator</b></p>
<p>The <maxOccurs> indicator specifies the maximum number of times an element
can occur:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="full_name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="child_name" type="xs:string" maxOccurs="10"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element></pre>
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</table>
<p>The example above indicates that the "child_name" element
can occur a minimum of one time (the default value for minOccurs
is 1) and a maximum of ten times in the
"person" element.</p>
<p><b>minOccurs Indicator</b></p>
<p>The <minOccurs> indicator specifies the minimum number of times an element
can occur:</p>
<table width="100%" border="1" class="ex" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
<pre><xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="full_name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="child_name" type="xs:string"
maxOccurs="10" minOccurs="0"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element></pre>
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<p>The example above indicates that the "child_name" element can occur
a minimum of
zero times and a maximum of ten times in the "person" element.</p>
<p><b>Tip:</b> To allow an element to appear an unlimited number of times, use the maxOccurs="unbounded"
statement:</p>
<p><b>A working example:</b></p>
<p>An XML file called "Myfamily.xml":</p>
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