sqlite3.h

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** an English language description of the error.
**
** If the database file does not exist, then a new database will be created
** as needed.  The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
** sqlite3_open() is called and UTF-16 if sqlite3_open16 is used.
**
** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources associated
** with the [sqlite3*] handle should be released by passing it to
** sqlite3_close() when it is no longer required.
**
** Note to windows users:  The encoding used for the filename argument
** of sqlite3_open() must be UTF-8, not whatever codepage is currently
** defined.  Filenames containing international characters must be converted
** to UTF-8 prior to passing them into sqlite3_open().
*/
int sqlite3_open(
  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
);
int sqlite3_open16(
  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
**
** The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric
** [SQLITE_OK | result code] or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
** for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call associated
** with [sqlite3] handle 'db'.  If a prior API call failed but the
** most recent API call succeeded, the return value from sqlite3_errcode()
** is undefined. 
**
** The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-langauge
** text that describes the error, as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
** Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.  The 
** string may be overwritten or deallocated by subsequent calls to SQLite
** interface functions.
**
** Calls to many sqlite3_* functions set the error code and string returned
** by [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()]
** (overwriting the previous values). Note that calls to [sqlite3_errcode()],
** [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()] themselves do not affect the
** results of future invocations.  Calls to API routines that do not return
** an error code (examples: [sqlite3_data_count()] or [sqlite3_mprintf()]) do
** not change the error code returned by this routine.
**
** Assuming no other intervening sqlite3_* API calls are made, the error
** code returned by this function is associated with the same error as
** the strings returned by [sqlite3_errmsg()] and [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
*/
int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
**
** Instance of this object represent single SQL statements.  This
** is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a 
** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
** 
** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
**
** <ol>
** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
**      function.
** <li> Bind values to host parameters using
**      [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_* interfaces].
** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
** </ol>
**
** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
** information.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
**
** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
** program using one of these routines. 
**
** The first argument "db" is an [sqlite3 | SQLite database handle] 
** obtained from a prior call to [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open16()].
** The second argument "zSql" is the statement to be compiled, encoded
** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
** interfaces uses UTF-8 and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
** use UTF-16. If the next argument, "nBytes", is less
** than zero, then zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.  If
** "nBytes" is not less than zero, then it is the length of the string zSql
** in bytes (not characters).
**
** *pzTail is made to point to the first byte past the end of the first
** SQL statement in zSql.  This routine only compiles the first statement
** in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to what remains uncompiled.
**
** *ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled 
** [sqlite3_stmt | SQL statement structure] that can be
** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  Or if there is an error, *ppStmt may be
** set to NULL.  If the input text contained no SQL (if the input is and
** empty string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.  The calling
** procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled SQL statement
** using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
**
** On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | error code] is returned.
**
** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
** In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the 
** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
** behave a differently in two ways:
**
** <ol>
** <li>
** If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
** statement and try to run it again.  If the schema has changed in a way
** that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  But unlike the legacy behavior, [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is
** now a fatal error.  Calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
** error go away.  Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text of the parsing
** error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return.
** </li>
**
** <li>
** When an error occurs, 
** [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | result codes] or
** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes] such as directly.
** The legacy behavior was that [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic
** [SQLITE_ERROR] result code and you would have to make a second call to
** [sqlite3_reset()] in order to find the underlying cause of the problem.
** With the "v2" prepare interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is
** returned immediately.
** </li>
** </ol>
*/
int sqlite3_prepare(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
  int nBytes,             /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
  int nBytes,             /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare16(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
  int nBytes,             /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
  int nBytes,             /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Dynamically Typed Value Object
**
** SQLite uses dynamic typing for the values it stores.  Values can 
** be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.  When
** passing around values internally, each value is represented as
** an instance of the sqlite3_value object.
*/
typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;

/*
** CAPI3REF:  SQL Function Context Object
**
** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to such an object is the
** first parameter to user-defined SQL functions.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Binding Values To Prepared Statements
**
** In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
** one or more literals can be replace by a parameter in one of these
** forms:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN
** <li>  :AAA
** <li>  @AAA
** <li>  $VVV
** </ul>
**
** In the parameter forms shown above NNN is an integer literal,
** AAA is an alphanumeric identifier and VVV is a variable name according
** to the syntax rules of the TCL programming language.
** The values of these parameters (also called "host parameter names")
** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
**
** The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines always is a pointer
** to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
** its variants.  The second
** argument is the index of the parameter to be set.  The first parameter has
** an index of 1. When the same named parameter is used more than once, second
** and subsequent
** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.  The index for
** named parameters can be looked up using the
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()] API if desired.  The index for "?NNN"
** parametes is the value of NNN.
** The NNN value must be between 1 and the compile-time
** parameter SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER (default value: 999).
** See <a href="limits.html">limits.html</a> for additional information.
**
** The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
**
** In those
** routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the number of bytes
** in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the number of bytes in the
** string, not the number of characters.  The number
** of bytes does not include the zero-terminator at the end of strings.
** If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
** number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
**
** The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
** text after SQLite has finished with it.  If the fifth argument is the
** special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then the library assumes that the information
** is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.  If the
** fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then SQLite makes its
** own private copy of the data immediately, before the sqlite3_bind_*()
** routine returns.
**
** The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length n that
** is filled with zeros.  A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
** (just an integer to hold it size) while it is being processed.
** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as place-holders for BLOBs whose
** content is later written using 
** [sqlite3_blob_open | increment BLOB I/O] routines.
**
** The sqlite3_bind_*() routines must be called after
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] (and its variants) or [sqlite3_reset()] and
** before [sqlite3_step()].
** Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
** Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
**
** These routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an error code if
** anything goes wrong.  [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
** index is out of range.  [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc fails.
** [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned if these routines are called on a virtual
** machine that is the wrong state or which has already been finalized.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite_int64);
int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Number Of Host Parameters
**
** Return the largest host parameter index in the precompiled statement given
** as the argument.  When the host parameters are of the forms like ":AAA"
** or "?", then they are assigned sequential increasing numbers beginning
** with one, so the value returned is the number of parameters.  However
** if the same host parameter name is used multiple times, each occurrance
** is given the same number, so the value returned in that case is the number
** of unique host parameter names.  If host parameters of the form "?NNN"
** are used (where NNN is an integer) then there might be gaps in the
** numbering and the value returned by this interface is the index of the
** host parameter with the largest index value.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);