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<HTML><HEAD><!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.52     from make.texinfo on 16 March 1999 --><TITLE>GNU make - Table of Contents</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><H1>GNU Make</H1><H2>A Program for Directing Recompilation</H2><H2>describing <CODE>make</CODE> Version 3.74.</H2><H2>January 1996</H2><ADDRESS>Richard M. Stallman and Roland McGrath</ADDRESS><P><P><HR><P><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="make.html#SEC1">Overview of <CODE>make</CODE></A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="make.html#SEC2">How to Read This Manual</A><LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="make.html#SEC3">Problems and Bugs</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="make.html#SEC4">An Introduction to Makefiles</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="make.html#SEC5">What a Rule Looks Like</A><LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="make.html#SEC6">A Simple Makefile</A><LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="make.html#SEC7">How <CODE>make</CODE> Processes a Makefile</A><LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="make.html#SEC8">Variables Make Makefiles Simpler</A><LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="make.html#SEC9">Letting <CODE>make</CODE> Deduce the Commands</A><LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="make.html#SEC10">Another Style of Makefile</A><LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="make.html#SEC11">Rules for Cleaning the Directory</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="make.html#SEC12">Writing Makefiles</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="make.html#SEC13">What Makefiles Contain</A><LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="make.html#SEC14">What Name to Give Your Makefile</A><LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="make.html#SEC15">Including Other Makefiles</A><LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="make.html#SEC16">The Variable <CODE>MAKEFILES</CODE></A><LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="make.html#SEC17">How Makefiles Are Remade</A><LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="make.html#SEC18">Overriding Part of Another Makefile</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="make.html#SEC19">Writing Rules</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="make.html#SEC20">Rule Syntax</A><LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="make.html#SEC21">Using Wildcard Characters in File Names</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="make.html#SEC22">Wildcard Examples</A><LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="make.html#SEC23">Pitfalls of Using Wildcards</A><LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="make.html#SEC24">The Function <CODE>wildcard</CODE></A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="make.html#SEC25">Searching Directories for Dependencies</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="make.html#SEC26"><CODE>VPATH</CODE>: Search Path for All Dependencies</A><LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="make.html#SEC27">The <CODE>vpath</CODE> Directive</A><LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="make.html#SEC28">Writing Shell Commands with Directory Search</A><LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="make.html#SEC29">Directory Search and Implicit Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="make.html#SEC30">Directory Search for Link Libraries</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="make.html#SEC31">Phony Targets</A><LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="make.html#SEC32">Rules without Commands or Dependencies</A><LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="make.html#SEC33">Empty Target Files to Record Events</A><LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="make.html#SEC34">Special Built-in Target Names</A><LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="make.html#SEC35">Multiple Targets in a Rule</A><LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="make.html#SEC36">Multiple Rules for One Target</A><LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="make.html#SEC37">Static Pattern Rules</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="make.html#SEC38">Syntax of Static Pattern Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="make.html#SEC39">Static Pattern Rules versus Implicit Rules</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="make.html#SEC40">Double-Colon Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC41" HREF="make.html#SEC41">Generating Dependencies Automatically</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC42" HREF="make.html#SEC42">Writing the Commands in Rules</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC43" HREF="make.html#SEC43">Command Echoing</A><LI><A NAME="TOC44" HREF="make.html#SEC44">Command Execution</A><LI><A NAME="TOC45" HREF="make.html#SEC45">Parallel Execution</A><LI><A NAME="TOC46" HREF="make.html#SEC46">Errors in Commands</A><LI><A NAME="TOC47" HREF="make.html#SEC47">Interrupting or Killing <CODE>make</CODE></A><LI><A NAME="TOC48" HREF="make.html#SEC48">Recursive Use of <CODE>make</CODE></A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC49" HREF="make.html#SEC49">How the <CODE>MAKE</CODE> Variable Works</A><LI><A NAME="TOC50" HREF="make.html#SEC50">Communicating Variables to a Sub-<CODE>make</CODE></A><LI><A NAME="TOC51" HREF="make.html#SEC51">Communicating Options to a Sub-<CODE>make</CODE></A><LI><A NAME="TOC52" HREF="make.html#SEC52">The <SAMP>`--print-directory'</SAMP> Option</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC53" HREF="make.html#SEC53">Defining Canned Command Sequences</A><LI><A NAME="TOC54" HREF="make.html#SEC54">Using Empty Commands</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC55" HREF="make.html#SEC55">How to Use Variables</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC56" HREF="make.html#SEC56">Basics of Variable References</A><LI><A NAME="TOC57" HREF="make.html#SEC57">The Two Flavors of Variables</A><LI><A NAME="TOC58" HREF="make.html#SEC58">Advanced Features for Reference to Variables</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC59" HREF="make.html#SEC59">Substitution References</A><LI><A NAME="TOC60" HREF="make.html#SEC60">Computed Variable Names</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC61" HREF="make.html#SEC61">How Variables Get Their Values</A><LI><A NAME="TOC62" HREF="make.html#SEC62">Setting Variables</A><LI><A NAME="TOC63" HREF="make.html#SEC63">Appending More Text to Variables</A><LI><A NAME="TOC64" HREF="make.html#SEC64">The <CODE>override</CODE> Directive</A><LI><A NAME="TOC65" HREF="make.html#SEC65">Defining Variables Verbatim</A><LI><A NAME="TOC66" HREF="make.html#SEC66">Variables from the Environment</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC67" HREF="make.html#SEC67">Conditional Parts of Makefiles</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC68" HREF="make.html#SEC68">Example of a Conditional</A><LI><A NAME="TOC69" HREF="make.html#SEC69">Syntax of Conditionals</A><LI><A NAME="TOC70" HREF="make.html#SEC70">Conditionals that Test Flags</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC71" HREF="make.html#SEC71">Functions for Transforming Text</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC72" HREF="make.html#SEC72">Function Call Syntax</A><LI><A NAME="TOC73" HREF="make.html#SEC73">Functions for String Substitution<BR> and Analysis</A><LI><A NAME="TOC74" HREF="make.html#SEC74">Functions for File Names</A><LI><A NAME="TOC75" HREF="make.html#SEC75">The <CODE>foreach</CODE> Function</A><LI><A NAME="TOC76" HREF="make.html#SEC76">The <CODE>origin</CODE> Function</A><LI><A NAME="TOC77" HREF="make.html#SEC77">The <CODE>shell</CODE> Function</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC78" HREF="make.html#SEC78">How to Run <CODE>make</CODE></A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC79" HREF="make.html#SEC79">Arguments to Specify the Makefile</A><LI><A NAME="TOC80" HREF="make.html#SEC80">Arguments to Specify the Goals</A><LI><A NAME="TOC81" HREF="make.html#SEC81">Instead of Executing the Commands</A><LI><A NAME="TOC82" HREF="make.html#SEC82">Avoiding Recompilation of Some Files</A><LI><A NAME="TOC83" HREF="make.html#SEC83">Overriding Variables</A><LI><A NAME="TOC84" HREF="make.html#SEC84">Testing the Compilation of a Program</A><LI><A NAME="TOC85" HREF="make.html#SEC85">Summary of Options</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC86" HREF="make.html#SEC86">Using Implicit Rules</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC87" HREF="make.html#SEC87">Using Implicit Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC88" HREF="make.html#SEC88">Catalogue of Implicit Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC89" HREF="make.html#SEC89">Variables Used by Implicit Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC90" HREF="make.html#SEC90">Chains of Implicit Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC91" HREF="make.html#SEC91">Defining and Redefining Pattern Rules</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC92" HREF="make.html#SEC92">Introduction to Pattern Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC93" HREF="make.html#SEC93">Pattern Rule Examples</A><LI><A NAME="TOC94" HREF="make.html#SEC94">Automatic Variables</A><LI><A NAME="TOC95" HREF="make.html#SEC95">How Patterns Match</A><LI><A NAME="TOC96" HREF="make.html#SEC96">Match-Anything Pattern Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC97" HREF="make.html#SEC97">Canceling Implicit Rules</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC98" HREF="make.html#SEC98">Defining Last-Resort Default Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC99" HREF="make.html#SEC99">Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules</A><LI><A NAME="TOC100" HREF="make.html#SEC100">Implicit Rule Search Algorithm</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC101" HREF="make.html#SEC101">Using <CODE>make</CODE> to Update Archive Files</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC102" HREF="make.html#SEC102">Archive Members as Targets</A><LI><A NAME="TOC103" HREF="make.html#SEC103">Implicit Rule for Archive Member Targets</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC104" HREF="make.html#SEC104">Updating Archive Symbol Directories</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC105" HREF="make.html#SEC105">Dangers When Using Archives</A><LI><A NAME="TOC106" HREF="make.html#SEC106">Suffix Rules for Archive Files</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC107" HREF="make.html#SEC107">Features of GNU <CODE>make</CODE></A><LI><A NAME="TOC108" HREF="make.html#SEC108">Incompatibilities and Missing<BR> Features</A><LI><A NAME="TOC109" HREF="make.html#SEC109">Makefile Conventions</A><UL><LI><A NAME="TOC110" HREF="make.html#SEC110">General Conventions for Makefiles</A><LI><A NAME="TOC111" HREF="make.html#SEC111">Utilities in Makefiles</A><LI><A NAME="TOC112" HREF="make.html#SEC112">Standard Targets for Users</A><LI><A NAME="TOC113" HREF="make.html#SEC113">Variables for Specifying Commands</A><LI><A NAME="TOC114" HREF="make.html#SEC114">Variables for Installation Directories</A></UL><LI><A NAME="TOC115" HREF="make.html#SEC115">Quick Reference</A><LI><A NAME="TOC116" HREF="make.html#SEC116">Complex Makefile Example</A><LI><A NAME="TOC117" HREF="make.html#SEC117">Index</A></UL><P><HR><P>This document was generated on 16 March 1999 using the<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A>translator version 1.52.</P></BODY></HTML>
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