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监控软件rrdtools

"trytime" is a small program that allows you to play with at-style
time specifications without actually bothering any of the rrd databases.
It takes either single at-style specification or two of those
(for start and end time, just like rrdtool fetch or graph do) and
reports what it thinks of it. The diagnostic is as close as possible
to that of rrdtool compiled for at-style time specification support.

To learn what's possible with at-style time specifications, see
the AT-STYLE TIME SPECIFICATION section in the rrdfetch documentation.

The formal syntax parsed is (this is taken right from the parsetime.c):

/*
 * The BNF-like specification of the time syntax parsed is below:
 *                                                               
 * As usual, [ X ] means that X is optional, { X } means that X may
 * be either omitted or specified as many times as needed,
 * alternatives are separated by |, brackets are used for grouping.
 * (# marks the beginning of comment that extends to the end of line)
 *
 * TIME-SPECIFICATION ::= TIME-REFERENCE [ OFFSET-SPEC ] |
 *			                   OFFSET-SPEC   |
 *			   ( START | END ) OFFSET-SPEC 
 *
 * TIME-REFERENCE ::= NOW | TIME-OF-DAY-SPEC [ DAY-SPEC-1 ] |
 *                        [ TIME-OF-DAY-SPEC ] DAY-SPEC-2
 *
 * TIME-OF-DAY-SPEC ::= NUMBER [(':'|'.') NUMBER] [am|pm] | # HH:MM HH.MM HH[MM]
 *                     'noon' | 'midnight' | 'teatime'
 *
 * DAY-SPEC-1 ::= NUMBER '/' NUMBER '/' NUMBER |  # MM/DD/[YY]YY
 *                NUMBER '.' NUMBER '.' NUMBER |  # DD.MM.[YY]YY
 *                NUMBER                          # DDMM[YY]YY
 *
 * DAY-SPEC-2 ::= MONTH-NAME NUMBER [NUMBER] |    # Month DD [YY]YY
 *                'yesterday' | 'today' | 'tomorrow' |
 *                DAY-OF-WEEK
 *
 *
 * OFFSET-SPEC ::= '+'|'-' NUMBER TIME-UNIT { ['+'|'-'] NUMBER TIME-UNIT }
 *
 * TIME-UNIT ::= SECONDS | MINUTES | HOURS |
 *               DAYS | WEEKS | MONTHS | YEARS
 *
 * NOW ::= 'now' | 'n'
 *
 * START ::= 'start' | 's'
 * END   ::= 'end' | 'e'
 *
 * SECONDS ::= 'seconds' | 'second' | 'sec' | 's'
 * MINUTES ::= 'minutes' | 'minute' | 'min' | 'm'
 * HOURS   ::= 'hours' | 'hour' | 'hr' | 'h'
 * DAYS    ::= 'days' | 'day' | 'd'
 * WEEKS   ::= 'weeks' | 'week' | 'wk' | 'w'
 * MONTHS  ::= 'months' | 'month' | 'mon' | 'm'
 * YEARS   ::= 'years' | 'year' | 'yr' | 'y'
 *
 * MONTH-NAME ::= 'jan' | 'january' | 'feb' | 'february' | 'mar' | 'march' |
 *                'apr' | 'april' | 'may' | 'jun' | 'june' | 'jul' | 'july' |
 *                'aug' | 'august' | 'sep' | 'september' | 'oct' | 'october' |
 *		  'nov' | 'november' | 'dec' | 'december'
 *
 * DAY-OF-WEEK ::= 'sunday' | 'sun' | 'monday' | 'mon' | 'tuesday' | 'tue' |
 *                 'wednesday' | 'wed' | 'thursday' | 'thu' | 'friday' | 'fri' |
 *                 'saturday' | 'sat'
 *
 *
 * As you may note, there is an ambiguity with respect to
 * the 'm' time unit (which can mean either minutes or months).
 * To cope with this, code tries to read users mind :) by applying
 * certain heuristics. There are two of them:
 *
 * 1. If 'm' is used in context of (i.e. right after the) years,
 *    months, weeks, or days it is assumed to mean months, while
 *    in the context of hours, minutes, and seconds it means minutes.
 *    (e.g., in -1y6m or +3w1m 'm' means 'months', while in
 *    -3h20m or +5s2m 'm' means 'minutes')
 *
 * 2. Out of context (i.e. right after the '+' or '-' sign) the
 *    meaning of 'm' is guessed from the number it directly follows.
 *    Currently, if the number absolute value is below 6 it is assumed
 *    that 'm' means months, otherwise it is treated as minutes.
 *    (e.g., -6m == -6 minutes, while +5m == +5 months)
 *
 */