ping.c

This is a short linux ping program

/*	$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.76 2004/04/22 01:39:20 itojun Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Mike Muuss.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 *			P I N G . C
 *
 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
 *
 * Author -
 *	Mike Muuss
 *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
 *	December, 1983
 * Modified at Uc Berkeley
 * Record Route and verbose headers - Phil Dykstra, BRL, March 1988.
 * Multicast options (ttl, if, loop) - Steve Deering, Stanford, August 1988.
 * ttl, duplicate detection - Cliff Frost, UCB, April 1989
 * Pad pattern - Cliff Frost (from Tom Ferrin, UCSF), April 1989
 *
 * Status -
 *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
 *
 * Bugs -
 *	More statistics could always be gathered.
 *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#ifndef lint
__RCSID("$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.76 2004/04/22 01:39:20 itojun Exp $");
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#ifdef sgi
#include <bstring.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#ifndef PRE_KUDZU
#include <cap_net.h>
#else
#define cap_socket socket
#endif
#else
#define cap_socket socket
#include <err.h>
#endif

#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#ifdef IPSEC
#include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
#endif /*IPSEC*/

#define FLOOD_INTVL	0.01		/* default flood output interval */
#define	MAXPACKET	(IP_MAXPACKET-60-8)	/* max packet size */

#define F_VERBOSE	0x0001
#define F_QUIET		0x0002		/* minimize all output */
#define F_SEMI_QUIET	0x0004		/* ignore our ICMP errors */
#define F_FLOOD		0x0008		/* flood-ping */
#define	F_RECORD_ROUTE	0x0010		/* record route */
#define F_SOURCE_ROUTE	0x0020		/* loose source route */
#define F_PING_FILLED	0x0040		/* is buffer filled with user data? */
#define F_PING_RANDOM	0x0080		/* use random data */
#define	F_NUMERIC	0x0100		/* do not do gethostbyaddr() calls */
#define F_TIMING	0x0200		/* room for a timestamp */
#define F_DF		0x0400		/* set IP DF bit */
#define F_SOURCE_ADDR	0x0800		/* set source IP address/interface */
#define F_ONCE		0x1000		/* exit(0) after receiving 1 reply */
#define F_MCAST		0x2000		/* multicast target */
#define F_MCAST_NOLOOP	0x4000		/* no multicast loopback */
#define F_AUDIBLE	0x8000		/* audible output */
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
#define F_POLICY	0x10000
#else
#define	F_AUTHHDR	0x10000
#define	F_ENCRYPT	0x20000
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif /*IPSEC*/


/* MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, the
 *	maximum number of received sequence numbers we can track to check
 *	for duplicates.
 */
#define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 2048)
u_char	rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK/8];
int     nrepeats = 0;
#define A(seq)	rcvd_tbl[(seq/8)%sizeof(rcvd_tbl)]  /* byte in array */
#define B(seq)	(1 << (seq & 0x07))	/* bit in byte */
#define SET(seq) (A(seq) |= B(seq))
#define CLR(seq) (A(seq) &= (~B(seq)))
#define TST(seq) (A(seq) & B(seq))

struct tv32 {
	int32_t tv32_sec;
	int32_t tv32_usec;
};


u_char	*packet;
int	packlen;
int	pingflags = 0, options;
char	*fill_pat;

int s;					/* Socket file descriptor */
int sloop;				/* Socket file descriptor/loopback */

#define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct tv32)	/* size of timestamp header */
struct sockaddr_in whereto, send_addr;	/* Who to ping */
struct sockaddr_in src_addr;		/* from where */
struct sockaddr_in loc_addr;		/* 127.1 */
int datalen = 64 - PHDR_LEN;		/* How much data */

#ifndef __NetBSD__
static char *progname;
#define	getprogname()		(progname)
#define	setprogname(name)	((void)(progname = (name)))
#endif

char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];

static struct {
	struct ip	o_ip;
	char		o_opt[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
	union {
		u_char	    u_buf[MAXPACKET+offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data)];
		struct icmp u_icmp;
	} o_u;
} out_pack;
#define	opack_icmp	out_pack.o_u.u_icmp
struct ip *opack_ip;

char optspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];		/* record route space */
int optlen;


int npackets;				/* total packets to send */
int preload;				/* number of packets to "preload" */
int ntransmitted;			/* output sequence # = #sent */
int ident;				/* our ID, in network byte order */

int nreceived;				/* # of packets we got back */

double interval;			/* interval between packets */
struct timeval interval_tv;
double tmin = 999999999.0;
double tmax = 0.0;
double tsum = 0.0;			/* sum of all times */
double tsumsq = 0.0;
double maxwait = 0.0;

#ifdef SIGINFO
int reset_kerninfo;
#endif

int bufspace = IP_MAXPACKET;

struct timeval now, clear_cache, last_tx, next_tx, first_tx;
struct timeval last_rx, first_rx;
int lastrcvd = 1;			/* last ping sent has been received */

static struct timeval jiggle_time;
static int jiggle_cnt, total_jiggled, jiggle_direction = -1;

static void doit(void);
static void prefinish(int);
static void prtsig(int);
static void finish(int);
static void summary(int);
static void pinger(void);
static void fill(void);
static void rnd_fill(void);
static double diffsec(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
static void timevaladd(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
static void sec_to_timeval(const double, struct timeval *);
static double timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *);
static void pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *);
static u_int16_t in_cksum(u_int16_t *, u_int);
static void pr_saddr(u_char *);
static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr *);
static void pr_iph(struct icmp *, int);
static void pr_retip(struct icmp *, int);
static int pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct sockaddr_in *, int);
static void jiggle(int), jiggle_flush(int);
static void gethost(const char *, const char *,
		    struct sockaddr_in *, char *, int);
static void usage(void);


int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int c, i, on = 1, hostind = 0;
	long l;
	u_char ttl = 0;
	u_long tos = 0;
	char *p;
#ifdef SIGINFO
	struct termios ts;
#endif
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
	char *policy_in = NULL;
	char *policy_out = NULL;
#endif
#endif
  

	setprogname(argv[0]);

#ifndef IPSEC
#define IPSECOPT
#else
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
#define IPSECOPT	"E:"
#else
#define IPSECOPT	"AE"
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif
	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv,
			   "ac:dDfg:h:i:I:l:Lnop:PqQrRs:t:T:vw:" IPSECOPT)) != -1) {
#undef IPSECOPT
		switch (c) {
		case 'a':
			pingflags |= F_AUDIBLE;
			break;
		case 'c':
			npackets = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
			if (*p != '\0' || npackets <= 0)
				errx(1, "Bad/invalid number of packets");
			break;
		case 'D':
			pingflags |= F_DF;
			break;
		case 'd':
			options |= SO_DEBUG;
			break;
		case 'f':
			pingflags |= F_FLOOD;
			break;
		case 'h':
			hostind = optind-1;
			break;
		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
			interval = strtod(optarg, &p);
			if (*p != '\0' || interval <= 0)
				errx(1, "Bad/invalid interval %s", optarg);
			break;
		case 'l':
			preload = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
			if (*p != '\0' || preload < 0)
				errx(1, "Bad/invalid preload value %s",
				     optarg);
			break;
		case 'n':
			pingflags |= F_NUMERIC;
			break;
		case 'o':
			pingflags |= F_ONCE;
			break;
		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
			if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM)
				errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed");
			pingflags |= F_PING_FILLED;
			fill_pat = optarg;
			break;
		case 'P':
			if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED)
				errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed");
			pingflags |= F_PING_RANDOM;
			break;
		case 'q':
			pingflags |= F_QUIET;
			break;
		case 'Q':
			pingflags |= F_SEMI_QUIET;
			break;
		case 'r':
			options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
			break;
		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
			datalen = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
			if (*p != '\0' || datalen < 0)
				errx(1, "Bad/invalid packet size %s", optarg);
			if (datalen > MAXPACKET)
				errx(1, "packet size is too large");
			break;
		case 'v':
			pingflags |= F_VERBOSE;
			break;
		case 'R':
			pingflags |= F_RECORD_ROUTE;
			break;
		case 'L':
			pingflags |= F_MCAST_NOLOOP;
			break;
		case 't':
			tos = strtoul(optarg, &p, 0);
			if (*p != '\0' ||  tos > 0xFF)
				errx(1, "bad tos value: %s", optarg);
			break;
		case 'T':
			l = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
			if (*p != '\0' || l > 255 || l <= 0)
				errx(1, "ttl out of range");
			ttl = (u_char)l;    /* cannot check >255 otherwise */
			break;
		case 'I':
			pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ADDR;
			gethost("-I", optarg, &src_addr, 0, 0);
			break;
		case 'g':
			pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ROUTE;
			gethost("-g", optarg, &send_addr, 0, 0);
			break;
		case 'w':
			maxwait = strtod(optarg, &p);
			if (*p != '\0' || maxwait <= 0)
				errx(1, "Bad/invalid maxwait time %s", optarg);
			break;
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
		case 'E':
			pingflags |= F_POLICY;
			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) {
				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
				if (!policy_in)
					err(1, "strdup");
			} else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) {
				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
				if (!policy_out)
					err(1, "strdup");
			} else
				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
			break;
#else
		case 'A':
			pingflags |= F_AUTHHDR;
			break;
		case 'E':
			pingflags |= F_ENCRYPT;
			break;
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif /*IPSEC*/
		default:
			usage();
			break;
		}
	}

	if (interval == 0)
		interval = (pingflags & F_FLOOD) ? FLOOD_INTVL : 1.0;
#ifndef sgi
	if (pingflags & F_FLOOD && getuid())
		errx(1, "Must be superuser to use -f");
	if (interval < 1.0 && getuid())
		errx(1, "Must be superuser to use < 1 sec ping interval");
	if (preload > 0 && getuid())
		errx(1, "Must be superuser to use -l");
#endif
	sec_to_timeval(interval, &interval_tv);

	if ((pingflags & (F_AUDIBLE|F_FLOOD)) == (F_AUDIBLE|F_FLOOD))
		warnx("Sorry, no audible output for flood pings");

	if (npackets != 0) {
		npackets += preload;
	} else {
		npackets = INT_MAX;
	}

	if (hostind == 0) {
		if (optind != argc-1)
			usage();
		else
			hostind = optind;
	}
	else if (hostind >= argc - 1)
		usage();

	gethost("", argv[hostind], &whereto, hostname, sizeof(hostname));
	if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr)))
		pingflags |= F_MCAST;
	if (!(pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE))
		(void) memcpy(&send_addr, &whereto, sizeof(send_addr));

	loc_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	loc_addr.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	loc_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127<<24)+1);

	if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN)	/* can we time them? */
		pingflags |= F_TIMING;
	packlen = datalen + 60 + 76;	/* MAXIP + MAXICMP */
	if ((packet = (u_char *)malloc(packlen)) == NULL)
		err(1, "Out of memory");

	if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED) {
		fill();
	} else if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) {
		rnd_fill();
	} else {
		for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; i++)
			opack_icmp.icmp_data[i] = i;
	}

	ident = htons(arc4random() & 0xFFFF);

	if ((s = cap_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0)
		err(1, "Cannot create socket");
	if (options & SO_DEBUG) {
		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
			       (char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
			warn("Can't turn on socket debugging");
	}
	if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) {
		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
			       (char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
			warn("SO_DONTROUTE");
	}

	if ((sloop = cap_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0)
		err(1, "Cannot create socket");
	if (options & SO_DEBUG) {
		if (setsockopt(sloop, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
			       (char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
			warn("Can't turn on socket debugging");
	}
	if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) {
		if (setsockopt(sloop, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
			       (char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
			warn("SO_DONTROUTE");
	}

	if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE) {
		optspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_LSRR;
		optspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = optlen = 7;
		optspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
		(void)memcpy(&optspace[IPOPT_MINOFF-1], &whereto.sin_addr,
			     sizeof(whereto.sin_addr));
		optspace[optlen++] = IPOPT_NOP;
	}
	if (pingflags & F_RECORD_ROUTE) {
		optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
		optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OLEN] = (MAX_IPOPTLEN -1-optlen);
		optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
		optlen = MAX_IPOPTLEN;
	}
	/* this leaves opack_ip 0(mod 4) aligned */
	opack_ip = (struct ip *)((char *)&out_pack.o_ip
				 + sizeof(out_pack.o_opt)
				 - optlen);
	(void) memcpy(opack_ip + 1, optspace, optlen);

	if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
		err(1, "Can't set special IP header");

	opack_ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
	opack_ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip)+optlen) >> 2;
	opack_ip->ip_tos = tos;
	opack_ip->ip_off = (pingflags & F_DF) ? IP_DF : 0;
	opack_ip->ip_ttl = ttl ? ttl : MAXTTL;
	opack_ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
	opack_ip->ip_src = src_addr.sin_addr;
	opack_ip->ip_dst = send_addr.sin_addr;

	if (pingflags & F_MCAST) {
		if (pingflags & F_MCAST_NOLOOP) {
			u_char loop = 0;
			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
			    (char *) &loop, 1) < 0)
				err(1, "Can't disable multicast loopback");
		}

		if (ttl != 0
		    && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
		    (char *) &ttl, 1) < 0)
			err(1, "Can't set multicast time-to-live");

		if ((pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR)
		    && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
				  (char *) &src_addr.sin_addr,
				  sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0)
			err(1, "Can't set multicast source interface");

	} else if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR) {
		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
			       (char *) &src_addr.sin_addr,
			       sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0)
			err(1, "Can't set source interface/address");
	}
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
    {
	char *buf;
	if (pingflags & F_POLICY) {
		if (policy_in != NULL) {
			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
			if (buf == NULL)
				errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) {
				err(1, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
			}
			free(buf);
		}
		if (policy_out != NULL) {
			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
			if (buf == NULL)
				errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) {
				err(1, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
			}
			free(buf);
		}
	}
	buf = ipsec_set_policy("out bypass", strlen("out bypass"));
	if (buf == NULL)
		errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
	if (setsockopt(sloop, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
			buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) {
#if 0
		warnx("ipsec is not configured");
#else
		/* ignore it, should be okay */
#endif
	}
	free(buf);
    }
#else
    {
	int optval;
	if (pingflags & F_AUTHHDR) {
		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
#ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
		(void)setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
			(char *)&optval, sizeof(optval));
#else
		(void)setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_AUTH_LEVEL,
			(char *)&optval, sizeof(optval));
#endif
	}
	if (pingflags & F_ENCRYPT) {
		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
		(void)setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
			(char *)&optval, sizeof(optval));
	}
	optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS;
#ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
	(void)setsockopt(sloop, IPPROTO_IP, IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
		(char *)&optval, sizeof(optval));
#else
	(void)setsockopt(sloop, IPPROTO_IP, IP_AUTH_LEVEL,
		(char *)&optval, sizeof(optval));
#endif
	(void)setsockopt(sloop, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
		(char *)&optval, sizeof(optval));
    }
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif /*IPSEC*/

	(void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,