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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 2.0//EN"><!-- This collection of hypertext pages is Copyright 1995-2005 by Steve Summit. --><!-- Content from the book "C Programming FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions" --><!-- (Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-201-84519-9) is made available here by --><!-- permission of the author and the publisher as a service to the community. --><!-- It is intended to complement the use of the published text --><!-- and is protected by international copyright laws. --><!-- The on-line content may be accessed freely for personal use --><!-- but may not be published or retransmitted without explicit permission. --><!-- --><!-- this page built Sat Dec 24 21:47:47 2005 by faqproc version 2.7 --><!-- from source file osdep.sgml dated Sat Nov 24 11:09:52 2001 --><!-- corresponding to FAQ list version 4.0 --><html><!-- Mirrored from c-faq.com/osdep/index.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2008], Sat, 14 Mar 2009 07:56:40 GMT --><head><meta name=GENERATOR content="faqproc"><title>System Dependencies</title></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"> <a href="../index-2.html"><img src="../images/buttontop.gif" alt="top/contents"></a><a href="../search.html"><img src="../images/buttonsrch.gif" alt="search"></a><hr><H1>19. System Dependencies</H1><p><a href="cbreak.html" rel=subdocument>19.1</a>How can I read a single character from the keyboard withoutwaiting forthe RETURN key?How can I stop characters from beingechoedon the screen as they're typed?</p><p><a href="readavail.html" rel=subdocument>19.2</a>How can I find outif there are charactersavailable for reading(and if so, how many)?Alternatively, how can I do a read that will not block if thereare no characters available?</p><p><a href="baton.html" rel=subdocument>19.3</a>How can I display apercentage-done indicationthat updates itself in place,or show one of those``twirling baton''progress indicators?</p><p><a href="termcap.html" rel=subdocument>19.4</a>How can I clear the screen?<br>How can Iprinttext in color?<br>How can Imove the cursorto a specific x, y position?</p><p><a href="waitforkey.html" rel=subdocument>19.4b</a>I'm compiling some test programs on a windows-based system,and the windows containing my program's outputare closing so quicklyafter my program calls <TT>exit</TT>that I can't see the output.How can I make it pause before closing?</p><p><a href="specialkeys.html" rel=subdocument>19.5</a>How do I read the arrow keys?What about function keys?</p><p><a href="mouse.html" rel=subdocument>19.6</a>How do I read the mouse?</p><p><a href="serial.html" rel=subdocument>19.7</a>How can I do serial (``comm'') port I/O?</p><p><a href="printer.html" rel=subdocument>19.8</a>How can I direct output to the printer?</p><p><a href="escseqs.html" rel=subdocument>19.9</a>How do I send escape sequencesto control a terminal or other device?</p><p><a href="portio.html" rel=subdocument>19.9b</a>How can I access an I/O board directly?</p><p><a href="graphics.html" rel=subdocument>19.10</a>How can I do graphics?</p><p><a href="gifjpeg.html" rel=subdocument>19.10b</a>How can Idisplay GIF and JPEG images?</p><p><a href="fonts.html" rel=subdocument>19.10c</a>How can I load new fonts for display?</p><p><a href="sendmail.html" rel=subdocument>19.10d</a>How can I send mail from within a C program?</p><p><a href="fileexists.html" rel=subdocument>19.11</a>How can I check whether a file exists?I want towarn the userif a requested input file is missing.</p><p><a href="filesize.html" rel=subdocument>19.12</a>How can I find out the size of a file,prior to reading it in?</p><p><a href="modtime.html" rel=subdocument>19.12b</a>How can I find the modification dateand timeof a file?</p><p><a href="ftruncate.html" rel=subdocument>19.13</a>How can a file be shortened in-place without completely clearingor rewriting it?</p><p><a href="insdelrec.html" rel=subdocument>19.14</a>How can I insert or delete a line(or record)in the middle of a file?</p><p><a href="fdfilename.html" rel=subdocument>19.15</a>How can I recover the file name given an openstreamorfile descriptor?</p><p><a href="delete.html" rel=subdocument>19.16</a>How can I delete a file?</p><p><a href="copy.html" rel=subdocument>19.16b</a>How do I copy files?</p><p><a href="dospath.html" rel=subdocument>19.17</a>Why can't I open a file by its explicit path?Thecall<pre>fopen("c:\newdir\file.dat", "r")</pre>is failing.</p><p><a href="fopenenv.html" rel=subdocument>19.17b</a><TT>fopen</TT> isn't letting me open files like<TT>"$HOME/.profile"</TT>and<TT>"~/.myrcfile"</TT>.</p><p><a href="abrtretrign.html" rel=subdocument>19.17c</a>How can I suppress thedreaded MS-DOS``Abort, Retry, Ignore?'' message?</p><p><a href="nfile.html" rel=subdocument>19.18</a>I'm getting an error,``Too many open files''.How can I increase the allowable number of simultaneously open files?</p><p><a href="diskfree.html" rel=subdocument>19.19</a>How can I find out how much free spaceis available on disk?</p><p><a href="readdir.html" rel=subdocument>19.20</a>How can I read a directory in a C program?</p><p><a href="mkdir.html" rel=subdocument>19.21</a>How do I create a directory?<br>How do I remove a directory(and its contents)?</p><p><a href="memavail.html" rel=subdocument>19.22</a>How can I find out how much memory is available?</p><p><a href="bigdatastr.html" rel=subdocument>19.23</a>How can I allocate arrays or structures bigger than 64K?</p><p><a href="dgroup.html" rel=subdocument>19.24</a>What does the error message``DGROUPdata allocationexceeds 64K''mean,and what can I do about it?I thought that using large model meant that I could usemore than 64K of data!</p><p><a href="rawmemadr.html" rel=subdocument>19.25</a>How can I access memory(a memory-mapped device,or graphics memory)located at a certain address?<br>How can I do PEEK and POKE in C?</p><p><a href="endiantest.html" rel=subdocument>19.25b</a>How can I determine whether a machine'sbyte orderis big-endian or little-endian?</p><p><a href="accessloc0.html" rel=subdocument>19.26</a>How can I accessan interrupt vectorlocated atthe machine's location 0?If I set a pointer to <TT>0</TT>,the compiler might translate it to some nonzero internal nullpointer value.</p><p><a href="system.html" rel=subdocument>19.27</a>How can I invokeanother program(a standalone executable,or an operating system command)from within a C program?</p><p><a href="system2.html" rel=subdocument>19.28</a>How can I call <TT>system</TT> when parameters(filenames, etc.)of the executed commandaren't known until run time?</p><p><a href="systemret.html" rel=subdocument>19.29</a>How do I get an accurate error status return from <TT>system</TT> on MS-DOS?</p><p><a href="popen.html" rel=subdocument>19.30</a>How can I invokeanother programor commandandtrapits output?</p><p><a href="exepath.html" rel=subdocument>19.31</a>How can my program discover the complete pathname to the executablefromwhich it was invoked?</p><p><a href="auxfiles.html" rel=subdocument>19.32</a>How can I automatically locatea program'sconfiguration filesin the same directory astheexecutable?</p><p><a href="setenv.html" rel=subdocument>19.33</a>How can a process change an environment variable in its caller?</p><p><a href="argv.html" rel=subdocument>19.34</a>How can I open files mentioned on the command line,and parse option flags?</p><p><a href="exitvsreturn.html" rel=subdocument>19.35</a>Is <TT>exit(status)</TT> truly equivalentto returning the same <TT>status</TT> from <TT>main</TT>?</p><p><a href="dynlink.html" rel=subdocument>19.36</a>How can I read in an object file and jump tolocationsin it?</p><p><a href="subsecond.html" rel=subdocument>19.37</a>How can I implement a delay,or time a user's response,with sub-second resolution?</p><p><a href="sigint.html" rel=subdocument>19.38</a>How can I trap or ignorekeyboard interruptslikecontrol-C?</p><p><a href="fpexcepts.html" rel=subdocument>19.39</a>How can Ihandlefloating-point exceptions gracefully?</p><p><a href="intovf2.html" rel=subdocument>19.39b</a>How can I ensure that integer arithmetic doesn't overflow?</p><p><a href="networking.html" rel=subdocument>19.40</a>How do I...Use sockets?Do networking?Write client/server applications?</p><p><a href="xobjfiles.html" rel=subdocument>19.40a</a>Can I combine .OBJ and .LIB files from Microsoft C and Turbo C?</p><p><a href="tsr.html" rel=subdocument>19.40b</a>How do I...Use BIOS calls?WriteISR's?Create TSR's?</p><p><a href="int86.html" rel=subdocument>19.40c</a>I'm trying to compilethis program,but the compiler is complaining that``<TT>union REGS</TT>''is undefined,and the linkeris complaining that<TT>int86</TT>isundefined.</p><p><a href="nearfar.html" rel=subdocument>19.40d</a>What are ``near'' and ``far'' pointers?</p><p><a href="gottabe.html" rel=subdocument>19.41</a>But I can't use all these nonstandard, system-dependent functions,because my program has to be ANSI compatible!</p><p><a href="sysdep.html" rel=subdocument>19.42</a>Whyisn't any of thisstandardized in C?Any real program has to do some of these things.</p><hr><p><a href="../index-2.html">top</a></p><p><a href="../questions.html"><img src="../images/buttontop.gif" alt="contents"></a><a href="../search.html"><img 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