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<h1><b>International standard for the C++ programming language approved!</h1></b>
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Morristown, New Jersey, USA,
Friday, November 14, 1997
<p>
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
<p>
This week, technical experts representing eight countries and about 40 companies
involved with software technologies met in Morristown, New Jersey and completed
the content of an international standard for the C++ programming language.
<hr>
C++:
<p>
During the 90s, C++ quietly became the dominant programming language for demanding
applications in such diverse fields as finance, telecommunications, embedded systems,
and computer-aided design. Unseen by ordinary users of computers and of computerized
services (such as making an 800 call on a telephone or making a stock market
transaction), C++ has become one of the cornerstones of modern life by becoming
the choice of professional programmers for sophisticated applications. Running on
all computers from the most powerful supercomputers and commercial mainframes
to the ubiquitous personal computers and unseen microprocessors, C++ is used
by more than 1.5 million programmers worldwide.
<hr>
Standardization:
<p>
Anticipating this critical role for C++, various national standards organizations
and the International Standards Organization (ISO) started in 1989 an effort to
standardize C++. Over the years, representatives from Australia, Canada, Denmark,
France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, the UK,
and the USA have met regularly together with representatives from about a hundred
companies and many interested individuals to write a mutually agreed upon standard.
The companies that have contributed to the standard include giants such as AT&T,
Ericsson, Digital, Borland, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Mentor Graphics, Microsoft,
Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Siemens. After about 8 years of work,
this standard is now complete. Today (Nov 14, 1997), the standard was approved
by a unanimous vote of the countries that had representatives present in Morristown.
Final ratification by two dozen countries is expected by March 1998.
<hr>
Impact:
<p>
The standard will make it easier to teach C++ (which is just coming into use
for the Advanced Placement Computer Science courses in US high schools),
to use C++ in applications, and to port C++ programs from one kind of computer
to another. Basically, the standard heralds a new era of C++ use where more
advanced techniques can be used effectively in industrial, research, and
educational software. Software tools providers are already shipping C++
implementations and tools that approximate the standard. The standard allows
users greater freedom of choice of C++ implementations, allows implementers
and major users to check implementations against the standard using test
suites and to compare implementations using performance tests. The increased
stability and portability offered by the standard is a boon to library providers
and tools provides as well as implementers. These improvements will help C++
application developers to build better applications faster, and to maintain
them with less cost and effort. The result will be further improvements in
the quality of applications delivered to end users - who, typically, will
have no idea that they are relying on C++ in their everyday life.
<hr>
Scope of the Standard:
<p>
The C++ standard covers both the C++ language itself and its standard library.
The standard library represents a significant improvement over what has been
generally available. It will ease the task of learning C++ and make it far
simpler to write programs that run on a variety of platforms. The standard
library provides standard input/output, strings, containers (such as vectors,
lists, and strings), non-numerical algorithms (such as sort, search, and merge),
and support for numeric computation. As could be expected from the result of
an international effort, the C++ standard provides extensive support for the
use of national character sets (e.g. European national characters and Japanese
characters).
<hr>
C++ background:
<p>
C++ was initially designed and implemented by Dr. Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Labs
(then AT&T Bell Labs). The first commercial release happened in 1985. The language
gained widespread use in industry and academia during the 1980s, and around 1990
the major computer and software tools suppliers started to provide C++ to their
users as a major implementation tool. After explosive growth of the C++ user
population in the 1980s and early 1990s where C++ usage doubled every 7.5 months,
the use of C++ has settled into a pattern of steady growth (on the order of 15%
to 30% a year). The new standard is expected to sustain and stimulate this growth.
The number of C++ programmers worldwide is estimated to be more than 1.5 million.
More than 400 books are currently in print about C++ programming.
<hr>
C++ and other programming languages:
<p>
C++ is a general-purpose programming language with an bias towards systems
programming that supports low-level programming in traditional styles, data
abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming. C++ was
initially developed from the C programming language by the addition of
facilities for object-oriented programming from the SIMULA programming
language. Over the years, the flexibility and generality of the facilities
offered by C++ has been greatly improved without compromising run-time
efficiency. C++ is distinguished among programming languages by a combination
of efficiency (like C and Fortran) and abstraction facilities. The "abstraction
facilities" provided by C++ allow programs to be expressed in terms natural
to application designers (rather than lower-level computer-oriented terminology).
Some of these abstraction facilities are also provided by "object-oriented"
languages such as Smalltalk and Java, others are only available in experimental
"functional" languages. The C++ abstraction mechanisms are distinguished by
their run-time efficiency.
<hr>
The official designation of the Working Group's product will be ISO/IEC
FDIS 14882, where "FDIS" means "Final Draft International Standard".
<hr>
C++ standard contacts in the US:
<p>
Tom Plum (ISO C++ convener), Plum Hall, tplum@plumhall.com,<a href="http://www.plumhall.com">http://www.plumhall.com</a>.
<p>
Stephen Clamage (ANSI C++ chairman), Sun Microsystems, clamage@eng.sun.com
<p>
Andrew Koenig (C++ project editor), AT&T Labs, ark@research.att.com,
<a href="http://www.research.att.com/info/ark">http://www.research.att.com/info/ark</a>.
<p>
Bjarne Stroustrup (C++'s designer), AT&T Labs, bs@research.att.com,
<a href="homepage.html">http://www.research.att.com/~bs</a>.
<hr>
International C++ standards contacts (recent Heads of Delegation):
<p>
Fergus Henderson (Australia), Melbourne Univ., fjh@cs.mu.oz.au
<p>
Josee Lajoie (Canada), IBM Canada, josee@vnet.ibm.com
<p>
Keld Simonsen (Denmark), DKUUG, keld@dkuug.dk
<p>
Vincent Lextrait (France), ILOG, lextrait@ilog.fr
<p>
Erwin Unruh (Germany), Siemens-Nixdorf, erwin.unruh@mch.sni.de
<p>
Martin O'Riordan (Ireland), MartinO_AtHome@msn.com
<p>
Tsutomu Kamimura (Japan), IBM Tokyo Research Lab, kamimura@trl.ibm.co.jp
<p>
Jan Christiaan van Winkel (Netherlands), AT Computing, jc@ATComputing.nl
<p>
Dag Bruck (Sweden), Dynasim AB, dag@dynasim.se
<p>
Steve Rumsby (UK), Warwick Univ., steve@maths.warwick.ac.uk
<p>
Clark Nelson (USA), Intel Corp., clark_nelson@ccm.jf.intel.com
<hr>
The secretariat for SC22/WG21 is provided by the convener's company,
Plum Hall Inc, of Kamuela HI. Plum Hall is a small privately-held
company providing validation tests, textbooks, and testing tools
for professional software developers. Contact Peter Kurpis at
Plum Hall Inc, 3 Waihona Box 44610, Kamuela HI 96743,
+1-808-882-125, FAX +1-808-882-1556, info@plumhall.com, www.plumhall.com
<hr>
This is not part of the ISO press release:
<p>
<a href="homepage.html">Back to Bjarne's homepage</a>.
<p>
<a href="3rd.html">Stroustrup: The C++ Programming Language (3rd Edition)</a>
describes the standard.
<p>
<a href="dne.html">Stroustrup: The Design and Evolution of C++</a>
describes many of the decisions that led to the standard.
<p>
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