ubiformat.c

mtd-utils 是一套更改linux mtd設備的工具

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Nokia Corporation
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
 * the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

/*
 * An utility to format MTD devices into UBI and flash UBI images.
 *
 * Author: Artem Bityutskiy
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include <libubi.h>
#include <libmtd.h>
#include <libscan.h>
#include <libubigen.h>
#include <mtd_swab.h>
#include "crc32.h"
#include "common.h"

#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.0"
#define PROGRAM_NAME    "ubiformat"

/* The variables below are set by command line arguments */
struct args {
	unsigned int yes:1;
	unsigned int quiet:1;
	unsigned int verbose:1;
	unsigned int override_ec:1;
	unsigned int novtbl:1;
	int subpage_size;
	int vid_hdr_offs;
	int ubi_ver;
	off_t image_sz;
	long long ec;
	const char *image;
	const char *node;
};

static struct args args =
{
	.ubi_ver = 1,
};

static const char *doc = PROGRAM_NAME " version " PROGRAM_VERSION
		" - a tool to format MTD devices and flash UBI images";

static const char *optionsstr =
"-s, --sub-page-size=<bytes>  minimum input/output unit used for UBI\n"
"                             headers, e.g. sub-page size in case of NAND\n"
"                             flash (equivalent to the minimum input/output\n"
"                             unit size by default)\n"
"-O, --vid-hdr-offset=<offs>  offset if the VID header from start of the\n"
"                             physical eraseblock (default is the next\n"
"                             minimum I/O unit or sub-page after the EC\n"
"                             header)\n"
"-n, --no-volume-table        only erase all eraseblock and preserve erase\n"
"                             counters, do not write empty volume table\n"
"-f, --flash-image=<file>     flash image file, or '-' for stdin\n"
"-S, --image-size=<bytes>     bytes in input, if not reading from file\n"
"-e, --erase-counter=<value>  use <value> as the erase counter value for all\n"
"                             eraseblocks\n"
"-y, --yes                    assume the answer is \"yes\" for all question\n"
"                             this program would otherwise ask\n"
"-q, --quiet                  suppress progress percentage information\n"
"-v, --verbose                be verbose\n"
"-x, --ubi-ver=<num>          UBI version number to put to EC headers\n"
"                             (default is 1)\n"
"-h, -?, --help               print help message\n"
"-V, --version                print program version\n";

static const char *usage =
"Usage: " PROGRAM_NAME " <MTD device node file name> [-h] [-V] [-y] [-q] [-v]\n"
"\t\t\t[-x <num>] [-E <value>] [-s <bytes>] [-O <offs>] [-n]\n"
"\t\t\t[--help] [--version] [--yes] [--verbose] [--quiet]\n"
"\t\t\t[--ec=<value>] [--vid-hdr-offset=<offs>]\n"
"\t\t\t[--ubi-ver=<num>] [--no-volume-table]\n"
"\t\t\t[--flash-image=<file>] [--image-size=<bytes>]\n\n"

"Example 1: " PROGRAM_NAME " /dev/mtd0 -y - format MTD device number 0 and do\n"
"           not ask questions.\n"
"Example 2: " PROGRAM_NAME " /dev/mtd0 -q -e 0 - format MTD device number 0,\n"
"           be quiet and force erase counter value 0.";

static const struct option long_options[] = {
	{ .name = "sub-page-size",   .has_arg = 1, .flag = NULL, .val = 's' },
	{ .name = "vid-hdr-offset",  .has_arg = 1, .flag = NULL, .val = 'O' },
	{ .name = "no-volume-table", .has_arg = 0, .flag = NULL, .val = 'n' },
	{ .name = "flash-image",     .has_arg = 1, .flag = NULL, .val = 'f' },
	{ .name = "image-size",      .has_arg = 1, .flag = NULL, .val = 'S' },
	{ .name = "yes",             .has_arg = 0, .flag = NULL, .val = 'y' },
	{ .name = "erase-counter",   .has_arg = 1, .flag = NULL, .val = 'e' },
	{ .name = "quiet",           .has_arg = 0, .flag = NULL, .val = 'q' },
	{ .name = "verbose",         .has_arg = 0, .flag = NULL, .val = 'v' },
	{ .name = "ubi-ver",         .has_arg = 1, .flag = NULL, .val = 'x' },
	{ .name = "help",            .has_arg = 0, .flag = NULL, .val = 'h' },
	{ .name = "version",         .has_arg = 0, .flag = NULL, .val = 'V' },
	{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
};

static int parse_opt(int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	while (1) {
		int key;
		char *endp;

		key = getopt_long(argc, argv, "nh?Vyqve:x:s:O:f:S:", long_options, NULL);
		if (key == -1)
			break;

		switch (key) {
		case 's':
			args.subpage_size = ubiutils_get_bytes(optarg);
			if (args.subpage_size <= 0)
				return errmsg("bad sub-page size: \"%s\"", optarg);
			if (!is_power_of_2(args.subpage_size))
				return errmsg("sub-page size should be power of 2");
			break;

		case 'O':
			args.vid_hdr_offs = strtoul(optarg, &endp, 0);
			if (args.vid_hdr_offs <= 0 || *endp != '\0' || endp == optarg)
				return errmsg("bad VID header offset: \"%s\"", optarg);
			break;

		case 'e':
			args.ec = strtoull(optarg, &endp, 0);
			if (args.ec <= 0 || *endp != '\0' || endp == optarg)
				return errmsg("bad erase counter value: \"%s\"", optarg);
			if (args.ec >= EC_MAX)
				return errmsg("too high erase %llu, counter, max is %u", args.ec, EC_MAX);
			args.override_ec = 1;
			break;

		case 'f':
			args.image = optarg;
			break;

		case 'S':
			args.image_sz = ubiutils_get_bytes(optarg);
			if (args.image_sz <= 0)
				return errmsg("bad image-size: \"%s\"", optarg);
			break;

		case 'n':
			args.novtbl = 1;
			break;

		case 'y':
			args.yes = 1;
			break;

		case 'q':
			args.quiet = 1;
			break;

		case 'x':
			args.ubi_ver = strtoul(optarg, &endp, 0);
			if (args.ubi_ver < 0 || *endp != '\0' || endp == optarg)
				return errmsg("bad UBI version: \"%s\"", optarg);
			break;

		case 'v':
			args.verbose = 1;
			break;

		case 'V':
			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", PROGRAM_VERSION);
			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

		case 'h':
		case '?':
			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n\n", doc);
			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n\n", usage);
			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", optionsstr);
			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

		case ':':
			return errmsg("parameter is missing");

		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "Use -h for help\n");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	if (args.quiet && args.verbose)
		return errmsg("using \"-q\" and \"-v\" at the same time does not make sense");

	if (optind == argc)
		return errmsg("MTD device name was not specified (use -h for help)");
	else if (optind != argc - 1)
		return errmsg("more then one MTD device specified (use -h for help)");

	if (args.image && args.novtbl)
		return errmsg("-n cannot be used together with -f");

	args.node = argv[optind];
	return 0;
}

static int want_exit(void)
{
	char buf[4];

	while (1) {
		normsg_cont("continue? (yes/no)  ");
		scanf("%3s", buf);
		if (!strncmp(buf, "yes", 3) || !strncmp(buf, "y", 1))
			return 0;
		if (!strncmp(buf, "no", 2) || !strncmp(buf, "n", 1))
			return 1;
	}
}

static int answer_is_yes(void)
{
	char buf[4];

	while (1) {
		scanf("%3s", buf);
		if (!strncmp(buf, "yes", 3) || !strncmp(buf, "y", 1))
			return 1;
		if (!strncmp(buf, "no", 2) || !strncmp(buf, "n", 1))
			return 0;
	}
}

static void print_bad_eraseblocks(const struct mtd_info *mtd,
				  const struct ubi_scan_info *si)
{
	int first = 1, eb;

	if (si->bad_cnt == 0)
		return;

	normsg_cont("bad eraseblocks: ");
	for (eb = 0; eb < mtd->eb_cnt; eb++) {
		if (si->ec[eb] != EB_BAD)
			continue;
		if (first) {
			printf("%d", eb);
			first = 0;
		} else
			printf(", %d", eb);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

static int change_ec(struct ubi_ec_hdr *hdr, long long ec)
{
	uint32_t crc;

	/* Check the EC header */
	if (be32_to_cpu(hdr->magic) != UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC)
		return errmsg("bad UBI magic %#08x, should be %#08x",
			      be32_to_cpu(hdr->magic), UBI_EC_HDR_MAGIC);

	crc = crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, hdr, UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE_CRC);
	if (be32_to_cpu(hdr->hdr_crc) != crc)
		return errmsg("bad CRC %#08x, should be %#08x\n",
			      crc, be32_to_cpu(hdr->hdr_crc));

	hdr->ec = cpu_to_be64(ec);
	crc = crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, hdr, UBI_EC_HDR_SIZE_CRC);
	hdr->hdr_crc = cpu_to_be32(crc);

	return 0;
}

static int drop_ffs(const struct mtd_info *mtd, const void *buf, int len)
{
	int i;

        for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
		if (((const uint8_t *)buf)[i] != 0xFF)
		      break;

        /* The resulting length must be aligned to the minimum flash I/O size */
        len = i + 1;
	len = (len + mtd->min_io_size - 1) / mtd->min_io_size;
	len *=  mtd->min_io_size;
        return len;
}

static int open_file(const struct mtd_info *mtd, struct ubi_scan_info *si,
		     off_t *sz)
{
	int fd;

	if (!strcmp(args.image, "-")) {
		if (args.image_sz == 0)
			return errmsg("must use '-S' with non-zero value when reading from stdin");

		*sz = args.image_sz;
		fd  = dup(STDIN_FILENO);
		if (fd < 0)
			return sys_errmsg("failed to dup stdin");
	} else {
		struct stat st;

		if (stat(args.image, &st))
			return sys_errmsg("cannot open \"%s\"", args.image);

		*sz = st.st_size;
		fd  = open(args.image, O_RDONLY);
		if (fd == -1)
			return sys_errmsg("cannot open \"%s\"", args.image);
	}

	return fd;
}

static int read_all(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
	while (len > 0) {
		ssize_t l = read(fd, buf, len);
		if (l == 0)
			return errmsg("eof reached; %d bytes remaining", len);
		else if (l > 0) {
			buf += l;
			len -= l;
		} else if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
			continue;
		else
			return sys_errmsg("reading failed; %d bytes remaining", len);
	}

	return 0;
}

static int flash_image(const struct mtd_info *mtd, const struct ubigen_info *ui,
		       struct ubi_scan_info *si)
{
	int fd, img_ebs, eb, written_ebs = 0, divisor;
	off_t st_size;

	fd = open_file(mtd, si, &st_size);
	if (fd < 0)
		return fd;

	img_ebs = st_size / mtd->eb_size;

	if (img_ebs > si->good_cnt) {
		sys_errmsg("file \"%s\" is too large (%lld bytes)",
			   args.image, (long long)st_size);
		goto out_close;
	}

	if (st_size % mtd->eb_size) {
		return sys_errmsg("file \"%s\" (size %lld bytes) is not multiple of eraseblock size (%d bytes)",
				  args.image, (long long)st_size, mtd->eb_size);
		goto out_close;
	}

	verbose(args.verbose, "will write %d eraseblocks", img_ebs);
	divisor = img_ebs;
	for (eb = 0; eb < mtd->eb_cnt; eb++) {
		int err, new_len;
		char buf[mtd->eb_size];
		long long ec;

		if (!args.quiet && !args.verbose) {
			printf("\r" PROGRAM_NAME ": flashing eraseblock %d -- %2lld %% complete  ",
			       eb, (long long)(eb + 1) * 100 / divisor);
			fflush(stdout);
		}