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The effect is that the ordered set of nodes will approximate
the shape and order of the 3D curve.
This can be useful if the mesh is to be parameterized.
Any number of nodes can be entered into the node set and
get the same effect.
DELSET: delete a set.
If a set was constructed but is no longer needed, then
it is best to delete it with this command.
This can be important if an output file is going to be
written which automatically writes all sets.
When deleted, the set will not be written to the output
file and it will not be using memory.
ESET: add/remove elements to/from a set of elements.
Selected elements can be used to create an element set.
If the element set previously existed, it is first deleted,
and then recreated as a new set.
One type of elements can be replaced by another set of the same type.
A selection of elements can be added to this first set
of elements by using the union operator.
This causes any selected elements to be included in the first set,
if it is not already in that set.
The intersect operator redefines a element set to be only those
elements which are found to be both in the original set and
among the selected elements.
The minus operator removes all elements in the first set which are
among the selected elements.
There are five ways to select this second set of elements.
A set of elements can be identified by element numbers,
by an element set name, by material, near a surface, or near a 3D curve.
ESETC: attach a comment to an element set.
FSET: add/remove faces to/from a set of faces.
Selected faces can be used to create a face set.
If the face set previously existed, it is first deleted,
and then recreated as a new set.
Faces of a brick element are numbered according to the
order of the nodes of the element in the TrueGrid data base.
If the sequence of nodes defining a linear brick element is
n1, n2, n3, ..., n8, then the six faces of the brick element are
formed by the nodes:
face 1 - n4, n3, n2, n1
face 2 - n1, n2, n6, n5
face 3 - n2, n3, n7, n6
face 4 - n3, n4, n8, n7
face 5 - n1, n5, n8, n4
face 6 - n5, n6, n7, n8
A quadratic brick element is similar. The orientation of a brick element
will change the ordering (see OR).
The ordering of the nodes to form a face can be controlled using the ORPT
command.
ORPT is found in the SETS menu.
The ORPT command affects the selection when the faces are enumerated
or selected by a surface:
fset set2 = ls 4:97 102 178;lb1 17;lb2 17;;
fset set2 or surface 1 .001 4
The ORPT command has no affect when the face selection is from an
existing face set, for example:
fset set2 or set1
Selected faces can be added by using the union operator.
This causes any selected faces to be included in a set, if it
is not already in that set.
The intersect operator redefines a face set to be only those faces
which are found to be both in the original set and
among the selected faces.
The minus operator removes all faces in a set which are among the
selected faces.
There are many ways to select faces.
A set of faces can be listed.
An existing face set can be chosen.
The faces close to a surface can be selected.
FSETC: attach a comment to a face set.
INFOL: get information of nodes with a specific load or condition.
MVNSET: move a subset of nodes in an ordered nodal set.
This can be used with ONSET to get the proper ordering of nodes.
If the first sequence number is greater than the second sequence number,
then the interval of nodes will have their order reversed before they
are inserted back into the ordered set.
NSET: add/remove nodes to/from a set of nodes.
Selected nodes can be used to create a node set.
If the node set previously existed, it is first deleted,
and then recreated as a new set.
Selected nodes can be added by using the union operator.
This causes any selected nodes to be included in a set, if it
is not already in that set.
The add operator will always append selected nodes to a set.
This is used to create ordered node sets where duplicate
nodes are allowed.
The intersect operator redefines a node set to be only those nodes
which are found to be both in the original set and
among the selected nodes.
The minus operator removes all nodes in a set which are among the
selected nodes.
There are many ways to select nodes.
A set of nodes can be identified by node numbers.
An existing node set can be chosen.
The nodes close to a surface or curve can be selected.
Nodes can be selected by material number.
Nodes with a specific load or condition can be selected.
If the load curve is set to 0, then the selection includes
all load cases, which is appropriate for most static models.
In the latter two cases, this selection is restricted
to the nodes of graphically active parts and materials.
NSETC: attach a comment to a node set.
NSETINFO: report the node set names and number of nodes.
ONSET: order a segment of a nodal set. This command is useful
when building a 1D slide line, for example,
where the nodes must be in a certain order.
The nodes can be included in the node set as each
part in generated using the NSET command.
Additional nodes can be included in a set using the NSET command
in the merge phase.
Use the LABELS command under graphics to view the order of the nodes
in the set.
Use this command to reorder a segment of the nodes.
Select the beginning and ending nodes of the sequence to be reordered.
Use the sequence numbers which are in white.
Also see the command MVNSET.
ORPT: choose a method to determine the positive direction of normals on
a surface. This is used before commands such as SI (sliding interface),
CV (boundary convection), etc., to determine directions
of flows, and other boundary conditions.
The default method sets orientation depending on the ordering of the nodes.
When a method is selected, it is always in effect for those following
commands requiring an orientation method, until a new method is selected.
The flip option reverses the default direction of orientation.
This feature can be turned off.
RML: remove specific loads or conditions on a set of nodes.
RSL: restore specific loads or conditions on a set of nodes.
RVNSET: remove a sequence of nodes from an ordered node set.
2D CURVE include the following commands:
LD: begin the definition of a 2D curve in a plane.
The local 2D coordinate system axis used to define these 2D curves
are labeled x for the ordinate and z for the abscissa.
This local coordinate system should not be associated with the
x and z axis of the global 3D coordinate system.
Check the definition of a specific command using a 2D curve to know how
the local 2D curve is embedded in the global 3D coordinate system.
The LD command has many options which can be combined in almost any order to
produce a complex 2D curve.
This method is fashioned after the way a draftsman might
draw a complex 2D curve.
Each use of an option from the list below appends
a 2D curve segment to the composite 2D curve.
For additional segments, use the APLD dialogue or
issue any of the options below.
Once a 2D curve is begun using the LD command, additional curve segments
can no longer be added to any of the other previously defined 2D curves.
If a previously defined 2D curve must be modified, it must be re-defined.
To view the 2D curves, use the LV, LVS and LVI commands.
2D curves can be used to form 3D surfaces and 3D curves.
A 2D curve can be rotated about any axis of symmetry
using the SD command with the CRX, CRY, CRZ, and CR options.
A 2D curve can be extruded indefinitely in any direction
using the SD command with the CP option.
A 2D curve can be combined with another 2D curve to produce a ruled
surface between the two curves in 3D
using the SD command with the RULE2D option.
A 2D curve can be converted to a 3D curve using the CURD command with the
LD2D3D option.
The following is a list of the options.
Note that some of the options cannot be the first option in the
2D curve definition.
LP2 to append a list of points in coordinate pairs.
LPIL to append to the end of the current 2D curve the point of
intersection of two previously defined 2D curves. The coordinates of this
point are also written to the screen.
LPTA to append a 2D curve segment which extends and is tangent to a circle.
This command requires that the current 2D curve definition already includes
at least 1 point. The first two parameters are the center of the circle.
The absolute value of the third parameter is the radius of the circle.
There are two points on the circle that can be used to form
a tangent line segment.
To select the appropriate end point for the tangent line segment,
first locate the point on the circle which is closest to the last
point in the current 2D curve.
If the third parameter is negative, then the end point is chosen by
rotating around the circle clockwise to the first point of tangency.
If the third parameter is positive, then the rotation is counterclockwise.
LQ to append a list of points in two lists.
The first list of numbers are the first coordinates of the
coordinate pairs.
The second list of numbers are the second coordinates of the
coordinate pairs.
If one list is shorter than the other, it is extended.
LTAS to append an arc of the a circle followed by a line segment
which is tangent to 2 circles. This command requires that
the current 2D curve already includes at least 1 point.
The sum of the two radii must be smaller than the distance between
the two centers of the two circles.
When the two circles do not intersect, then there are 4 distinct
cases that are distinguishable through the proper use of the
parameters. Otherwise, there are only two cases.
The first two parameters form the center of the first circle.
The radius of this first circle is determined from the distance between
the last point in the current 2D curve to the specified center of the
circle. If the third parameter is a -1, then the direction of rotation
about the first circle is clockwise, otherwise it is counterclockwise.
The next two numbers form the center of the second circle.
The absolute value of the last number is the radius of the second circle.
The point selected from the second circle to end the tangent line segment
is determined by first intersecting the second circle with the line
segment connecting the centers of the two circles.
If the last parameter is negative, then start at this point and rotate
about the second circle in a clockwise direction to the closest point
of tangency.
If the last parameter is positive, than rotate about the second
circle in a counterclockwise direction to the closest point of tangency.
LEP to append an elliptic arc. The first two parameters are the lengths of
the two axes. The next two parameters are the center of the ellipse. This
is followed by the beginning and ending angles of the arc measured
counterclockwise from the first axis of the ellipse.
The last parameter is the
angle the first axis of the ellipse forms with the x-axis of the plane.
LO to append a 2D curve which is formed by a variable offset from another
2D curve. The variable offset is specified by selecting the start and
end points.
The original curve is temporarily extended at its end points so that these
two points can be normally projected to determine their offset distance
from this original curve.
The variable offset to the new curve is then linearly interpolated
by arc length.
The resulting offset curve has the two points as end points.
The offset calculation is done using the central difference method.
LOD to append a 2D curve segment constructed by normally offsetting
a previously defined 2D curve.
The offset calculation is done using the central difference method.
If the original curve has an end point on the z-axis, then the new
offset curve will be given an end point on the z-axis as well.
This done because it is assumed that these curves will then used to
form 3D surfaces by rotation about this axis.
LNOF to append an offset of a previously defined 2D curve where the
direction of the offset vector is the average of the normal vectors at the
end points of the previously defined 2D curve.
LFIL to make a fillet from 2 points and 2 angles. This command requires
that the current 2D curve definition already includes at least 1 point.
An arc
of a circle is appended which passes through two points such that the two
tangents touching the circle at these two points have the specified angles.
LAP to append a circular arc through 2 points of a circle with a specified
center. This command requires that the current 2D curve definition already
includes at least 1 point.
LAR to append a circular arc through 2 points of a circle with a specified
radius. If the radius is positive, then the arc is formed by a positive
rotation about the circle. Otherwise the arc is formed by a
negative rotation about the circle. The current 2D curve definition must
include at least 1 point.
LTP to append an arc of a circle which is tangent to the end point of the
current defined 2D curve. The current 2D curve definition must include at
least 2 points to use this command. The circle will pass through a
specified point, forming the end point of the arc. The last parameter is
the radius of the circle.
LPT to append an arc of a circle with a specified radius and a tangent line
segment. This command requires that the current 2D curve definition already
includes at least 1 point. The circular arc will start at the last defined
point in the 2D curve definition and rotate about the circle to meet the
tangent
line segment. Two sets of coordinates are required to define the slope of
the tangent line. The tangent line segment will end at the second point.
LAT to append or truncate the last 2D curve segment in the current defined
2D curve
to meet an arc of a circle with a specified radius. This command requires
that the current 2D curve definition already includes at least 2 points. A
second line is defined by two points. The circle is constructed to be
tangent to both lines. The arc of the circle between the two tangencies
and the second line segment up to the second point are appended to the
definition.
LAD to append an arc of a circle with a specified radius, starting at the
last point in the 2D curve definition and rotating counterclockwise about
the circle a specified amount. This command requires that the current 2D
curve definition already includes at least 1 point.
LVC to append a point as an offset from the previous point in the defined
2D curve. This command requires that the current 2D curve definition already
includes at least 1 point. The offset is specified in polar coordinates.
LSTL to append a translation of a previously defined 2D curve to the
2D curve currently being constructed.
LTBC to append points in polar coordinates with equal angular spacing.
CTBC to append a cubic spline with control points in polar coordinates with
equal angular spacing.
The curve is interpolated in polar coordinates.
The syntax for this command is similar to the LTBC command so that it is
easy to switch from a polygonal line to a polar cubic spline.
FTBC to append a Fowler-Wilson cubic spline with control points in polar
coordinates with equal angular spacing.
The curve is interpolated in polar coordinates.
The syntax for this command is similar to the LTBC command so that it is
easy to switch from a polygonal line to a polar Fowler-Wilson cubic
spline.
LTBO to append points by modifying th
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