hierarchy.cpp

选自《3D游戏编程》第5章 实战例题：3D编程技术的实战例题

/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * \brief 阶层体系创建例题
 * 文件: Hierarchy.cpp
 *
 * 说明: 创建阶层体系就是“子矩阵*父矩阵”.
 *       实际绘制过程通过运行程序来实现.
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>



/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *  全局参数
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
LPDIRECT3D9             g_pD3D       = NULL; /// 创建D3D设备的D3D对象参数
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9       g_pd3dDevice = NULL; /// 渲染中使用的D3D设备
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVB        = NULL; /// 储存顶点的顶点缓冲
LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9	g_pIB        = NULL; /// 储存索引的索引缓冲

D3DXMATRIXA16			g_matTMParent;	/// 父亲TM
D3DXMATRIXA16			g_matRParent;	/// 父亲旋转矩阵

D3DXMATRIXA16			g_matTMChild;	/// 子孙TM
D3DXMATRIXA16			g_matRChild;	/// 子孙旋转矩阵

/// 定义用户顶点的结构体
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    FLOAT x, y, z;	/// 顶点的变换坐标
    DWORD color;	/// 顶点颜色
};

/// 表现用户顶点结构体相关信息的FVF值
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)

struct MYINDEX
{
	WORD	_0, _1, _2;		/// 索引一般具有16位的大小值.
};


/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Direct3D初始化
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd )
{
    /// 创建一个用来创建设备的D3D对象
    if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    /// 创建设备的结构体
    /// 绘制复杂对象时需要Z－缓冲.
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;

    /// 创建设备
    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
                                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                                      &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    /// 起到卷起功能.
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CCW );

    /// 起到Z－缓冲功能.
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE );

    /// 顶点具有颜色值，能起到光源功能.
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE );

    return S_OK;
}




/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 创建顶点缓冲，设置顶点值.
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
HRESULT InitVB()
{
    /// 渲染正方体（cube）的八个顶点声明
    CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[] =
    {
		{ -1,  1,  1 , 0xffff0000 },		/// v0
		{  1,  1,  1 , 0xff00ff00 },		/// v1
		{  1,  1, -1 , 0xff0000ff },		/// v2
		{ -1,  1, -1 , 0xffffff00 },		/// v3

		{ -1, -1,  1 , 0xff00ffff },		/// v4
		{  1, -1,  1 , 0xffff00ff },		/// v5
		{  1, -1, -1 , 0xff000000 },		/// v6
		{ -1, -1, -1 , 0xffffffff },		/// v7
    };

    /// 创建顶点缓冲
    /// 分配储存八个用户顶点的存储器.
    /// 指定储存FVF的数据格式.
    if( FAILED( g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
                                                  0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
                                                  D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB, NULL ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    /// 将数据写入顶点缓冲. 
    /// 调用顶点缓冲的Lock()函数，获取指针.
    VOID* pVertices;
    if( FAILED( g_pVB->Lock( 0, sizeof(vertices), (void**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;
    memcpy( pVertices, vertices, sizeof(vertices) );
    g_pVB->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}


/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 创建索引缓冲，设置索引值.
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
HRESULT InitIB()
{
    /// 渲染正方体（cube）的十二个顶点声明
    MYINDEX	indices[] =
    {
		{ 0, 1, 2 }, { 0, 2, 3 },	/// 上面
		{ 4, 6, 5 }, { 4, 7, 6 },	/// 下面
		{ 0, 3, 7 }, { 0, 7, 4 },	/// 左面
		{ 1, 5, 6 }, { 1, 6, 2 },	/// 右面
		{ 3, 2, 6 }, { 3, 6, 7 },	/// 前面
		{ 0, 4, 5 }, { 0, 5, 1 }	/// 后面
    };

    /// 创建索引缓冲
	/// D3DFMT_INDEX16的索引单位为16位.
	/// MYINDEX结构体中，使用WORD型进行声明，所以要使用D3DFMT_INDEX16.
    if( FAILED( g_pd3dDevice->CreateIndexBuffer( 12 * sizeof(MYINDEX), 0, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pIB, NULL ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    /// 将数据写入索引缓冲. 
    /// 调用索引缓冲的Lock()函数，获取指针.
    VOID* pIndices;
    if( FAILED( g_pIB->Lock( 0, sizeof(indices), (void**)&pIndices, 0 ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;
    memcpy( pIndices, indices, sizeof(indices) );
    g_pIB->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}


/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 几何信息初始化
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
HRESULT InitGeometry()
{
	if( FAILED( InitVB() ) ) return E_FAIL;
	if( FAILED( InitIB() ) ) return E_FAIL;

	return S_OK;
}


/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 创建摄像机矩阵
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void SetupCamera()
{
	/// 创建世界矩阵
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matWorld;
	D3DXMatrixIdentity( &matWorld );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );

    /// 创建视图矩阵
    D3DXVECTOR3 vEyePt( 0.0f, 10.0f,-10.0f );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vLookatPt( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vUpVec( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matView;
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &vEyePt, &vLookatPt, &vUpVec );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );

    /// 创建投影矩阵
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matProj;
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DX_PI/4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
}

/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 创建动画矩阵
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
VOID Animate()
{
	/// 父网格在原点，TM为单位矩阵
	D3DXMatrixIdentity( &g_matTMParent );
	/// 父网格的Y轴旋转矩阵
    D3DXMatrixRotationY( &g_matRParent, GetTickCount()/500.0f );

	/// 子网格的Z轴旋转矩阵
    D3DXMatrixRotationZ( &g_matRChild, GetTickCount()/500.0f );
	/// 子网格离原点有一定的距离（3，3，3）
	D3DXMatrixTranslation( &g_matTMChild, 3, 3, 3 );
}



/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 删除初始化对象
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
VOID Cleanup()
{
    if( g_pIB != NULL )        
        g_pIB->Release();

    if( g_pVB != NULL )        
        g_pVB->Release();

    if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL ) 
        g_pd3dDevice->Release();

    if( g_pD3D != NULL )       
        g_pD3D->Release();
}


/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 绘制网格
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void DrawMesh( D3DXMATRIXA16* pMat )
{
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, pMat );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetIndices( g_pIB );
	g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12 );
}

/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 绘图
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
VOID Render()
{
	D3DXMATRIXA16	matWorld;

    /// 后置缓冲和Z－缓冲初始化
    g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0 );

	/// 创建动画矩阵
	Animate();
    /// 开始渲染
    if( SUCCEEDED( g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )
    {
		matWorld = g_matRParent * g_matTMParent;
		DrawMesh( &matWorld );		/// 绘制父正方体

		matWorld = g_matRChild * g_matTMChild * g_matRParent * g_matTMParent;
//		matWorld = g_matRChild * g_matTMChild * matWorld;	/// 与上行相同的结果
		DrawMesh( &matWorld );		/// 绘制子正方体

        /// 结束渲染
        g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
    }

    /// 显示后置缓冲的画面!
    g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}




/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 窗口过程
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
    switch( msg )
    {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            Cleanup();
            PostQuitMessage( 0 );
            return 0;
    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}




/**-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 程序的起始地址
 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT )
{
    /// 注册窗口类
    WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L, 0L,
                      GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                      "BasicFrame", NULL };
    RegisterClassEx( &wc );

    /// 创建窗口
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "BasicFrame", "Hierarchy",
                              WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 500, 500,
                              GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL );

    /// Direct3D初始化
    if( SUCCEEDED( InitD3D( hWnd ) ) )
    {
        if( SUCCEEDED( InitGeometry() ) )
        {
			/// 创建摄像机矩阵
			SetupCamera();

        	/// 显示窗口
			ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT );
			UpdateWindow( hWnd );

        	/// 消息循环
			MSG msg;
			ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof(msg) );
			while( msg.message!=WM_QUIT )
			{
            	/// 消息队列中有消息时，调用相应的处理过程
				if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE ) )
				{
					TranslateMessage( &msg );
					DispatchMessage( &msg );
				}
				else
				/// 如果没有需要处理的消息，调用Render()函数
					Render();
			}
		}
    }

	/// 删除注册的类
    UnregisterClass( "D3D Tutorial", wc.hInstance );
    return 0;
}