direct3d起步.htm

此文件是微软MSDN中d3d部分资料的翻译文件

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name=Direct3D体系结构><B><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Direct3D体系结构</SPAN></B></A><B><SPAN 
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">本节包含了有关<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Microsoft&reg; Direct3D&reg;部件和其它Microsoft 
DirectX&reg;部件、操作系统、及系统硬件之间关系的信息，讨论了以下主题。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<UL type=disc>
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  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Direct3D体系结构概述</SPAN></U><SPAN 
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  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> 

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  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">硬件抽象层</SPAN></U><SPAN 
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  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> 

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  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">系统集成<SPAN 
  lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></U> 
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  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">可编程顶点着色器体系结构</SPAN></U><SPAN 
  lang=EN-US 
  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> 

  <LI class=MsoNormal 
  style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><U><SPAN 
  style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">可编程像素着色器体系结构<SPAN 
  lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></U> </LI></UL>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1"><B><SPAN 
lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Direct3D体系结构概述<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">这是一幅图形流水线的图示。下面介绍了每一块的功能，以及在哪里可以找到更多信息的链接。<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype 
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v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1030 
style="WIDTH: 413.35pt; HEIGHT: 174.65pt" type = "#_x0000_t75" coordsize = 
"21600,21600"><v:imagedata o:title="BlockDiag_Graphics" src = 
"D3DArch_files/image001.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=551 height=233
src="D3DArch_files/image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">有关<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Microsoft&reg; 
Direct3D&reg;可编程部分的体系结构的更多信息，请参阅<U>可编程顶点着色器体系结构</U>和<U>可编程像素着色器体系结构</U>。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">硬件抽象层<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<P class=MsoNormal 
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Microsoft&reg; 
Direct3D&reg;通过硬件抽象层（HAL）提供设备无关性。HAL是一个设备相关的接口，由设备制造商提供，Direct3D使用HAL与显示硬件协同工作。应用程序从不直接与HAL打交道。相反，通过HAL提供的基础，Direct3D暴露了一组统一的接口和方法，应用程序用这些接口和方法绘制/显示图形。在Microsoft 
Windows&reg; XP、Microsoft Windows NT&reg;和Windows 2000下，设备制造商用32位代码实现HAL。而在Windows 
98和Windows Millennium Edition (Windows 
Me)下，则混合使用16位和32位代码。HAL可以是显示驱动程序的一部分，或者是一个单独的动态链接库（DLL），该DLL通过驱动程序开发人员定义的私有接口与显示驱动程序进行通信。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">Direct3D 
HAL由芯片制造商、板卡制造商或原始设备制造商（OEM）实现。HAL仅实现与设备相关的代码并且不做任何模拟。如果硬件不能完成某项功能，则HAL不将其声明为硬件的能力。另外，HAL不检验参数，Direct3D在调用HAL之前执行这项操作。<B 
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I 
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><o:p></o:p></I></B></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Microsoft DirectX&reg; 9.0中， 
HAL可以有三种不同的顶点处理模式：软件顶点处理、硬件顶点处理、以及在同一设备上的混合顶点处理。纯设备模式是HAL设备的一个变体。纯设备类型只支持硬件顶点处理，且只允许应用程序查询设备状态中很小的一个子集。另外，纯设备仅在具有某一最低能力级的适配器上可用。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">系统集成<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1>
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<P class=MsoNormal 
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">下图显示了<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Microsoft&reg; Direct3D&reg;、Microsoft 
Windows&reg;图形设备接口（GDI）、硬件抽象层（HAL）及硬件之间的关系。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape 
id=_x0000_i1035 style="WIDTH: 384pt; HEIGHT: 240pt" type = "#_x0000_t75" 
coordsize = "21600,21600"><v:imagedata o:title="d3dsysint" src = 
"D3DArch_files/image002.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=512 height=320
src="D3DArch_files/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">如上图所示，<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Direct3D应用程序位于GDI应用程序旁边，它们都可以通过图形卡的设备驱动程序访问图形硬件。与GDI不同的是，当选择了HAL设备时，Direct3D可以利用硬件特性。基于图形卡支持的特性集，HAL设备提供了硬件加速。为了在运行时检查设备是否能执行某项操作，Direct3D提供了相应的方法。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">有关<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Direct3D所支持设备的更多信息，请参阅<U>设备类型</U>。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1>
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">可编程顶点着色器体系结构<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1>
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">有关顶点着色器寄存器的更多信息，请参阅<U><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Registers - vs_1_1</SPAN></U>。<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">有关顶点着色器参考章节的更多信息，请参阅<U><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Vertex <SPAN class=SpellE>Shader</SPAN> 1_1</SPAN></U>。<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1>
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<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1"><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">可编程像素着色器体系结构<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1>
</SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">有关像素着色器寄存器的更多信息，请参阅<U><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Registers - ps_1_X</SPAN></U>。<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">有关像素着色器参考章节的更多信息，请参阅<U><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Pixel <SPAN class=SpellE>Shader</SPAN> 1_X</SPAN></U>。<SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
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