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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>捐献的脚本</TITLE><METANAME="GENERATOR"CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINKREL="HOME"TITLE="高级Bash脚本编程指南"HREF="index.html"><LINKREL="PREVIOUS"TITLE="参考文献"HREF="biblio.html"><LINKREL="NEXT"TITLE="参考卡片"HREF="refcards.html"></HEAD><BODYCLASS="APPENDIX"BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"LINK="#0000FF"VLINK="#840084"ALINK="#0000FF"><DIVCLASS="NAVHEADER"><TABLESUMMARY="Header navigation table"WIDTH="100%"BORDER="0"CELLPADDING="0"CELLSPACING="0"><TR><THCOLSPAN="3"ALIGN="center">高级Bash脚本编程指南: 一本深入学习shell脚本艺术的书籍</TH></TR><TR><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="left"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="biblio.html"ACCESSKEY="P">前一页</A></TD><TDWIDTH="80%"ALIGN="center"VALIGN="bottom"></TD><TDWIDTH="10%"ALIGN="right"VALIGN="bottom"><AHREF="refcards.html"ACCESSKEY="N">下一页</A></TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="100%"></DIV><DIVCLASS="APPENDIX"><H1><ANAME="CONTRIBUTED-SCRIPTS"></A>Appendix A. 捐献的脚本</H1><P>这些脚本展示了一些有趣的shell编程技术, 但是它们并不适合放入本文档的文本讲解中. 不过它们还是非常有用, 运行和分析它们都是很有意思的事. </P><P>译者: 这里留给那些有能力而且有多余时间的读者来详读, 个人认为翻译这些注释有点画蛇添足. </P><DIVCLASS="EXAMPLE"><HR><ANAME="MAILFORMAT"></A><P><B>例子 A-1. <BCLASS="COMMAND">mailformat</B>: 格式化一个e-mail消息</B></P><TABLEBORDER="0"BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD><FONTCOLOR="#000000"><PRECLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"> 1 #!/bin/bash 2 # mail-format.sh (ver. 1.1): Format e-mail messages. 3 4 # Gets rid of carets, tabs, and also folds excessively long lines. 5 6 # ================================================================= 7 # Standard Check for Script Argument(s) 8 ARGS=1 9 E_BADARGS=65 10 E_NOFILE=66 11 12 if [ $# -ne $ARGS ] # Correct number of arguments passed to script? 13 then 14 echo "Usage: `basename $0` filename" 15 exit $E_BADARGS 16 fi 17 18 if [ -f "$1" ] # Check if file exists. 19 then 20 file_name=$1 21 else 22 echo "File \"$1\" does not exist." 23 exit $E_NOFILE 24 fi 25 # ================================================================= 26 27 MAXWIDTH=70 # Width to fold excessively long lines to. 28 29 # --------------------------------- 30 # A variable can hold a sed script. 31 sedscript='s/^>// 32 s/^ *>// 33 s/^ *// 34 s/ *//' 35 # --------------------------------- 36 37 # Delete carets and tabs at beginning of lines, 38 #+ then fold lines to $MAXWIDTH characters. 39 sed "$sedscript" $1 | fold -s --width=$MAXWIDTH 40 # -s option to "fold" 41 #+ breaks lines at whitespace, if possible. 42 43 44 # This script was inspired by an article in a well-known trade journal 45 #+ extolling a 164K MS Windows utility with similar functionality. 46 # 47 # An nice set of text processing utilities and an efficient 48 #+ scripting language provide an alternative to bloated executables. 49 50 exit 0</PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><HR></DIV><DIVCLASS="EXAMPLE"><HR><ANAME="RN"></A><P><B>例子 A-2. <BCLASS="COMMAND">rn</B>: 一个非常简单的文件重命名工具</B></P><P>这个脚本是<AHREF="textproc.html#LOWERCASE">例子 12-19</A>的一个修改版. </P><TABLEBORDER="0"BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD><FONTCOLOR="#000000"><PRECLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"> 1 #! /bin/bash 2 # 3 # Very simpleminded filename "rename" utility (based on "lowercase.sh"). 4 # 5 # The "ren" utility, by Vladimir Lanin (lanin@csd2.nyu.edu), 6 #+ does a much better job of this. 7 8 9 ARGS=2 10 E_BADARGS=65 11 ONE=1 # For getting singular/plural right (see below). 12 13 if [ $# -ne "$ARGS" ] 14 then 15 echo "Usage: `basename $0` old-pattern new-pattern" 16 # As in "rn gif jpg", which renames all gif files in working directory to jpg. 17 exit $E_BADARGS 18 fi 19 20 number=0 # Keeps track of how many files actually renamed. 21 22 23 for filename in *$1* #Traverse all matching files in directory. 24 do 25 if [ -f "$filename" ] # If finds match... 26 then 27 fname=`basename $filename` # Strip off path. 28 n=`echo $fname | sed -e "s/$1/$2/"` # Substitute new for old in filename. 29 mv $fname $n # Rename. 30 let "number += 1" 31 fi 32 done 33 34 if [ "$number" -eq "$ONE" ] # For correct grammar. 35 then 36 echo "$number file renamed." 37 else 38 echo "$number files renamed." 39 fi 40 41 exit 0 42 43 44 # Exercises: 45 # --------- 46 # What type of files will this not work on? 47 # How can this be fixed? 48 # 49 # Rewrite this script to process all the files in a directory 50 #+ containing spaces in their names, and to rename them, 51 #+ substituting an underscore for each space.</PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><HR></DIV><DIVCLASS="EXAMPLE"><HR><ANAME="BLANKRENAME"></A><P><B>例子 A-3. <BCLASS="COMMAND">blank-rename</B>: 重命名包含空白的文件名</B></P><P>这是上一个脚本的简化版. </P><TABLEBORDER="0"BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD><FONTCOLOR="#000000"><PRECLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"> 1 #! /bin/bash 2 # blank-rename.sh 3 # 4 # Substitutes underscores for blanks in all the filenames in a directory. 5 6 ONE=1 # For getting singular/plural right (see below). 7 number=0 # Keeps track of how many files actually renamed. 8 FOUND=0 # Successful return value. 9 10 for filename in * #Traverse all files in directory. 11 do 12 echo "$filename" | grep -q " " # Check whether filename 13 if [ $? -eq $FOUND ] #+ contains space(s). 14 then 15 fname=$filename # Strip off path. 16 n=`echo $fname | sed -e "s/ /_/g"` # Substitute underscore for blank. 17 mv "$fname" "$n" # Do the actual renaming. 18 let "number += 1" 19 fi 20 done 21 22 if [ "$number" -eq "$ONE" ] # For correct grammar. 23 then 24 echo "$number file renamed." 25 else 26 echo "$number files renamed." 27 fi 28 29 exit 0</PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><HR></DIV><DIVCLASS="EXAMPLE"><HR><ANAME="ENCRYPTEDPW"></A><P><B>例子 A-4. <BCLASS="COMMAND">encryptedpw</B>: 使用一个本地加密口令, 上传到一个ftp服务器. </B></P><TABLEBORDER="0"BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD><FONTCOLOR="#000000"><PRECLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"> 1 #!/bin/bash 2 3 # Example "ex72.sh" modified to use encrypted password. 4 5 # Note that this is still rather insecure, 6 #+ since the decrypted password is sent in the clear. 7 # Use something like "ssh" if this is a concern. 8 9 E_BADARGS=65 10 11 if [ -z "$1" ] 12 then 13 echo "Usage: `basename $0` filename" 14 exit $E_BADARGS 15 fi 16 17 Username=bozo # Change to suit. 18 pword=/home/bozo/secret/password_encrypted.file 19 # File containing encrypted password. 20 21 Filename=`basename $1` # Strips pathname out of file name. 22 23 Server="XXX" 24 Directory="YYY" # Change above to actual server name & directory. 25 26 27 Password=`cruft <$pword` # Decrypt password. 28 # Uses the author's own "cruft" file encryption package, 29 #+ based on the classic "onetime pad" algorithm, 30 #+ and obtainable from: 31 #+ Primary-site: ftp://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/utils/file 32 #+ cruft-0.2.tar.gz [16k] 33 34 35 ftp -n $Server <<End-Of-Session 36 user $Username $Password 37 binary 38 bell 39 cd $Directory 40 put $Filename 41 bye 42 End-Of-Session 43 # -n option to "ftp" disables auto-logon. 44 # Note that "bell" rings 'bell' after each file transfer. 45 46 exit 0</PRE></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><HR></DIV><DIVCLASS="EXAMPLE"><HR><ANAME="COPYCD"></A><P><B>例子 A-5. <BCLASS="COMMAND">copy-cd</B>: 拷贝一个数据CD</B></P><TABLEBORDER="0"BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD><FONTCOLOR="#000000"><PRECLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"> 1 #!/bin/bash 2 # copy-cd.sh: copying a data CD 3 4 CDROM=/dev/cdrom # CD ROM device 5 OF=/home/bozo/projects/cdimage.iso # output file 6 # /xxxx/xxxxxxx/ Change to suit your system. 7 BLOCKSIZE=2048 8 SPEED=2 # May use higher speed if supported. 9 DEVICE=cdrom 10 # DEVICE="0,0" on older versions of cdrecord. 11 12 echo; echo "Insert source CD, but do *not* mount it." 13 echo "Press ENTER when ready. " 14 read ready # Wait for input, $ready not used. 15 16 echo; echo "Copying the source CD to $OF." 17 echo "This may take a while. Please be patient." 18 19 dd if=$CDROM of=$OF bs=$BLOCKSIZE # Raw device copy. 20 21 22 echo; echo "Remove data CD." 23 echo "Insert blank CDR." 24 echo "Press ENTER when ready. " 25 read ready # Wait for input, $ready not used. 26 27 echo "Copying $OF to CDR." 28 29 cdrecord -v -isosize speed=$SPEED dev=$DEVICE $OF 30 # Uses Joerg Schilling's "cdrecord" package (see its docs). 31 # http://www.fokus.gmd.de/nthp/employees/schilling/cdrecord.html 32 33 34 echo; echo "Done copying $OF to CDR on device $CDROM." 35 36 echo "Do you want to erase the image file (y/n)? " # Probably a huge file. 37 read answer⌨️ 快捷键说明
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