spice.txt

spice中支持多层次元件模型仿真的可单独运行的插件源码

TEXT: H value  of  the  saturation current temperature exponent,
TEXT: H XTI, is usually 2.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Temperature appears explicitly in the value of junction
TEXT: H potential, U (in spice PHI), for all the device models.  The
TEXT: H temperature dependence is determined by:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H                                   | N N   |
TEXT: H                                      a d
TEXT: H                          kT       |------ |
TEXT: H                   U(T) = --  log        2
TEXT: H                           q     e |N (T)  |
TEXT: H                                     i
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H where k is Boltzmann's constant,  q  is  the  electronic
TEXT: H charge,  N   is the acceptor impurity density, N  is the
TEXT: H           a                                     d
TEXT: H donor impurity density, N  is the intrinsic carrier con-
TEXT: H                          i
TEXT: H centration, and E  is the energy gap.
TEXT: H                  g
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Temperature appears explicitly in the value of  surface
TEXT: H mobility, M  (or UO), for the MOSFET model.  The temperature
TEXT: H            0
TEXT: H dependence is determined by:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H                                M (T )
TEXT: H                                 0  0
TEXT: H                       M (T) = -------
TEXT: H                        0          1.5
TEXT: H                               | T|
TEXT: H                               |--|
TEXT: H                               |T |
TEXT: H                                 0
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      The effects of temperature on resistors is  modeled  by
TEXT: H the formula:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H                                                    2
TEXT: H       R(T) = R(T ) [1 + TC  (T - T ) + TC  (T - T ) ]
TEXT: H                 0         1       0      2       0
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H where T is the circuit temperature, T   is  the  nominal
TEXT: H                                      0
TEXT: H temperature,  and TC  and TC  are the first- and second-
TEXT: H                     1       2
TEXT: H order temperature coefficients.
TEXT: H

SUBJECT: CONVERGENCE
TITLE: CONVERGENCE
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _1._3.  _C_O_N_V_E_R_G_E_N_C_E
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Both dc and transient  solutions  are  obtained  by  an
TEXT: H iterative  process which is terminated when both of the fol-
TEXT: H lowing conditions hold:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 1)   The nonlinear branch  currents  converge  to  within  a
TEXT: H      tolerance of 0.1% or 1 picoamp (1.0e-12 Amp), whichever
TEXT: H      is larger.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 2)   The node voltages converge to  within  a  tolerance  of
TEXT: H      0.1% or 1 microvolt (1.0e-6 Volt), whichever is larger.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Although the algorithm used in SPICE has been found  to
TEXT: H be  very  reliable,  in some cases it fails to converge to a
TEXT: H solution.  When this failure occurs, the program  terminates
TEXT: H the job.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Failure to converge in dc analysis is usually due to an
TEXT: H error  in specifying circuit connections, element values, or
TEXT: H model parameter values.  Regenerative switching circuits  or
TEXT: H circuits  with  positive feedback probably will not converge
TEXT: H in the dc analysis unless the OFF option is used for some of
TEXT: H the  devices  in  the feedback path, or the .NODESET control
TEXT: H line is used to force the circuit to converge to the desired
TEXT: H state.

SUBJECT: CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
TITLE: CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2.  _C_I_R_C_U_I_T _D_E_S_C_R_I_P_T_I_O_N
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CONVENTIONS
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:TITLE LINE COMMENT LINES AND .END LINE
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:DEVICE MODELS
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:SUBCIRCUITS
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:COMBINING FILES

SUBJECT: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CONVENTIONS
TITLE: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CONVENTIONS
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._1.  _G_E_N_E_R_A_L _S_T_R_U_C_T_U_R_E _A_N_D _C_O_N_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_S
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      The circuit to be analyzed is described to SPICE  by  a
TEXT: H set  of element lines, which define the circuit topology and
TEXT: H element values, and a set of control lines, which define the
TEXT: H model  parameters  and  the run controls.  The first line in
TEXT: H the input file must be the title, and the last line must  be
TEXT: H ".END".   The  order  of  the  remaining  lines is arbitrary
TEXT: H (except, of course, that continuation lines must immediately
TEXT: H follow the line being continued).
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Each element in the circuit is specified by an  element
TEXT: H line  that  contains  the element name, the circuit nodes to
TEXT: H which the element is connected, and the values of the param-
TEXT: H eters  that  determine the electrical characteristics of the
TEXT: H element.  The first letter of the element name specifies the
TEXT: H element  type.   The  format  for the SPICE element types is
TEXT: H given in what follows.  The strings  XXXXXXX,  YYYYYYY,  and
TEXT: H ZZZZZZZ denote arbitrary alphanumeric strings.  For example,
TEXT: H a resistor name must begin with the letter R and can contain
TEXT: H one  or  more  characters.   Hence,  R,  R1,  RSE, ROUT, and
TEXT: H R3AC2ZY are valid resistor names.  Details of each  type  of
TEXT: H device are supplied in a following section.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Fields on a line are separated by one or more blanks, a
TEXT: H comma,  an equal ('=') sign, or a left or right parenthesis;
TEXT: H extra spaces are ignored.  A line may be continued by enter-
TEXT: H ing  a  '+'  (plus) in column 1 of the following line; SPICE
TEXT: H continues reading beginning with column 2.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      A name field must begin with a letter (A through Z) and
TEXT: H cannot contain any delimiters.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      A number field may be an integer  field  (12,  -44),  a
TEXT: H floating  point field (3.14159), either an integer or float-
TEXT: H ing point number followed by  an  integer  exponent  (1e-14,
TEXT: H 2.65e3),  or  either  an  integer or a floating point number
TEXT: H followed by one of the following scale factors:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H       12         9                    6         3               -6
TEXT: H T = 10     G = 10             Meg = 10    K = 10      mil = 25.4
TEXT: H       -3                 -6         -9          -12         -15
TEXT: H m = 10     u (or  M) = 10     n = 10      p = 10      f = 10
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H Letters immediately following a number that  are  not  scale
TEXT: H factors  are  ignored,  and  letters immediately following a
TEXT: H scale factor are ignored.  Hence, 10, 10V, 10Volts, and 10Hz
TEXT: H all  represent  the  same number, and M, MA, MSec, and MMhos
TEXT: H all represent  the  same  scale  factor.   Note  that  1000,
TEXT: H 1000.0,  1000Hz,  1e3, 1.0e3, 1KHz, and 1K all represent the
TEXT: H same number.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Nodes names may be arbitrary  character  strings.   The
TEXT: H datum  (ground) node must be named '0'.  Note the difference
TEXT: H in SPICE3 where the nodes are treated as  character  strings
TEXT: H and not evaluated as numbers, thus '0' and '00' are distinct
TEXT: H nodes in SPICE3 but not in SPICE2.  The circuit cannot  con-
TEXT: H tain  a  loop of voltage sources and/or inductors and cannot
TEXT: H contain a cut-set  of  current  sources  and/or  capacitors.
TEXT: H Each  node  in  the  circuit  must have a dc path to ground.
TEXT: H Every node must have at least  two  connections  except  for
TEXT: H transmission line nodes (to permit unterminated transmission
TEXT: H lines) and MOSFET substrate nodes (which have  two  internal
TEXT: H connections anyway).
TEXT: H

SUBJECT: TITLE LINE COMMENT LINES AND .END LINE
TITLE: TITLE LINE, COMMENT LINES AND .END LINE
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._2.  _T_I_T_L_E _L_I_N_E, _C_O_M_M_E_N_T _L_I_N_E_S _A_N_D ._E_N_D _L_I_N_E
TEXT: H
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Title Line
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:.END Line
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Comments

SUBJECT: Title Line
TITLE: Title Line
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._2._1.  _T_i_t_l_e _L_i_n_e
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H     POWER AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
TEXT: H     TEST OF CAM CELL
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      The title line must be the first  in  the  input  file.
TEXT: H Its  contents  are  printed verbatim as the heading for each
TEXT: H section of output.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H

SUBJECT: .END Line
TITLE: .END Line
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._2._2.  ._E_N_D _L_i_n_e
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H     .END
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      The "End" line must always be the last in the input
TEXT: H file.   Note  that the period is an integral part of the
TEXT: H name.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H

SUBJECT: Comments
TITLE: Comments
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._2._3.  _C_o_m_m_e_n_t_s
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _G_e_n_e_r_a_l _F_o_r_m:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H     * <any comment>
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H     * RF=1K      Gain should be 100
TEXT: H     * Check open-loop gain and phase margin
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      The asterisk in the  first  column  indicates  that
TEXT: H this  line  is  a  comment  line.   Comment lines may be
TEXT: H placed anywhere in the circuit description.   Note  that
TEXT: H SPICE3  also considers any line with leading white space
TEXT: H to be a comment.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H

SUBJECT: DEVICE MODELS
TITLE: DEVICE MODELS
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._3.  _D_E_V_I_C_E _M_O_D_E_L_S
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _G_e_n_e_r_a_l _f_o_r_m:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H     .MODEL MNAME TYPE(PNAME1=PVAL1 PNAME2=PVAL2 ... )
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H     .MODEL MOD1 NPN (BF=50 IS=1E-13 VBF=50)
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Most simple circuit elements typically require  only  a
TEXT: H few  parameter values.  However, some devices (semiconductor
TEXT: H devices in particular) that are included  in  SPICE  require
TEXT: H many parameter values.  Often, many devices in a circuit are
TEXT: H defined by the same set of  device  model  parameters.   For
TEXT: H these  reasons,  a set of device model parameters is defined
TEXT: H on a separate .MODEL line and assigned a unique model  name.
TEXT: H The  device  element  lines in SPICE then refer to the model
TEXT: H name.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      For these more complex device types, each  device  ele-
TEXT: H ment  line  contains the device name, the nodes to which the
TEXT: H device is connected, and the device model  name.   In  addi-
TEXT: H tion,  other  optional  parameters may be specified for some
TEXT: H devices:  geometric factors and an  initial  condition  (see
TEXT: H the following section on Transistors and Diodes for more de-
TEXT: H tails).
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      MNAME in the above is the model name, and type  is  one
TEXT: H of the following fifteen types:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H             R      Semiconductor resistor model
TEXT: H             C      Semiconductor capacitor model
TEXT: H             SW     Voltage controlled switch
TEXT: H             CSW    Current controlled switch
TEXT: H             URC    Uniform distributed RC model
TEXT: H             LTRA   Lossy transmission line model
TEXT: H             D      Diode model
TEXT: H             NPN    NPN BJT model
TEXT: H             PNP    PNP BJT model
TEXT: H             NJF    N-channel JFET model
TEXT: H             PJF    P-channel JFET model
TEXT: H             NMOS   N-channel MOSFET model
TEXT: H             PMOS   P-channel MOSFET model
TEXT: H             NMF    N-channel MESFET model
TEXT: H             PMF    P-channel MESFET model
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      Parameter values are defined by appending the parameter
TEXT: H name  followed  by  an  equal  sign and the parameter value.
TEXT: H Model parameters that are not given a value are assigned the
TEXT: H default  values  given  below  for each model type.  Models,
TEXT: H model parameters, and default values are listed in the  next
TEXT: H section along with the description of device element lines.
TEXT: H

SUBJECT: SUBCIRCUITS
TITLE: SUBCIRCUITS
TEXT: H
TEXT: H _2._4.  _S_U_B_C_I_R_C_U_I_T_S
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT: H      A subcircuit that consists of  SPICE  elements  can  be
TEXT: H defined  and  referenced  in  a  fashion  similar  to device
TEXT: H models.  The subcircuit is defined in the input  file  by  a
TEXT: H grouping  of  element lines;  the program then automatically
TEXT: H inserts the group of elements  wherever  the  subcircuit  is
TEXT: H referenced.   There is no limit on the size or complexity of
TEXT: H subcircuits, and subcircuits may contain other  subcircuits.
TEXT: H An example of subcircuit usage is given in Appendix A.
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:.SUBCKT Line
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:.ENDS Line
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Subcircuit Calls