gtk-server_tutorial.html

gtk_server的源代码

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And the AWK script will look like this:<br>
<br>
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<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#!/usr/bin/gawk
-f</span><br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"># AWK Hello
world application using GTK</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">BEGIN{</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</small> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small>GTK
= "gtk-server -stdin"<br>
<br>
print "gtk_init NULL NULL" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_window_new 0" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline WINDOW<br>
print "gtk_window_set_title " WINDOW " \"This is a title\"" |&amp; GTK;
GTK |&amp; getline</small> <br>
</span> <br>
------------------<br>
<br>
Pretty easy, isn't it?<br>
<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
<a name="chapter4"></a>
<h2>Chapter 4. GTK programming - containers.</h2>
According to the original GTK principles, we must define a container to
pack our widgets. It is possible to define the window as a container,
but personally, I prefer to use tables. If a table is defined, it is
easy to define your widgets using relational coordinates. To create a
table on the window, the function "gtk_table_new" must be used. This
function returns a widget and uses 3 arguments (we will use no callback
signals for the table). The first 2 arguments determine the amount of
rows and columns in the table. The third argument is a boolean
argument.
We can workaround this by using the same trick as we did for the
typedefinitions: using '0' for 'false' and '1' for 'true'.<br>
<br>
Also, the table must be nailed to the window. This is done with
"gtk_container_add". This function uses 2 arguments: the widget
(Window)
on which the other widget (Table) will be nailed. Our configfile now
will look like:<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
LIB_NAME = libgtk-x11-2.0.so<br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_init, NONE, NONE, 2, NULL, NULL<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_set_title, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, STRING<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_new, NONE, WIDGET, 3, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_container_add, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, WIDGET<br>
</span></small> <span
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small> #</small><br>
</span><br>
------------------<br>
<br>
This is the AWK script:<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#!/usr/bin/gawk
-f</span><br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"># AWK Hello
world application using GTK</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">BEGIN{</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</small> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small>GTK
= "gtk-server -stdin"<br>
<br>
print "gtk_init NULL NULL" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_window_new 0" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline WINDOW<br>
print "gtk_window_set_title " WINDOW " \"This is a title\"" |&amp; GTK;
GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_table_new 30 30 1" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline TABLE<br>
print "gtk_container_add " WINDOW " " TABLE |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp;
getline</small> <br>
</span> <br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
<a name="chapter5"></a>
<h2>Chapter 5: GTK programming - labels.</h2>
Now, the message "Hello world" must appear in our window. We have to
define a label. There is a very convenient GTK function for this:
"gtk_label_new", with only 1 argument containing the text to be
displayed.<br>
<br>
But also, this widget has to be 'packed' onto the table. We will use
the "gtk_table_attach_defaults" function. The first argument determines
the table we want to use, the second the widget to pack, then the left
x
and right x coordinate (related to the table) are mentioned, and
finally
the upper and lower y coordinate are mentioned.<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
LIB_NAME = libgtk-x11-2.0.so<br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_init, NONE, NONE, 2, NULL, NULL<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_set_title, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, STRING<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_new, NONE, WIDGET, 3, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_container_add, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, WIDGET<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_label_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, STRING<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_attach_defaults, NONE, NONE, 6, WIDGET,
WIDGET, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
</span></small> <span
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small>#</small><br>
</span><br>
------------------<br>
<br>
And the AWK script:<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#!/usr/bin/gawk
-f</span><br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"># AWK Hello
world application using GTK</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">BEGIN{</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</small> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small>GTK
= "gtk-server -stdin"<br>
<br>
print "gtk_init NULL NULL" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_window_new 0" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline WINDOW<br>
print "gtk_window_set_title " WINDOW " \"This is a title\"" |&amp; GTK;
GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_table_new 30 30 1" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline TABLE<br>
print "gtk_container_add " WINDOW " " TABLE |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp;
getline<br>
print "gtk_label_new \"Hello world\"" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline LABEL<br>
print "gtk_table_attach_defaults " TABLE " " LABEL " 1 29 3 7"
|&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline</small> <br>
</span> <br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
<a name="chapter6"></a>
<h2>Chapter 6: GTK programming - buttons.</h2>
We will also create an "Exit" button. Clicking on this button will exit
our "Hello world" application. We must capture the click signal so the
AWK script can exit. The GTK function "gtk_button_new_with_label" will
create a button, and it also will put some text on it. However, it must
be clear that the 'click' signal must be captured.<br>
<br>
Well, we are ready now with creating widgets. Finally all widgets must
be shown to the world. This is achieved by the GTK function
"gtk_widget_show". This function takes only 1 argument, namely, the
widget to be shown.<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
LIB_NAME = libgtk-x11-2.0.so<br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_init, NONE, NONE, 2, NULL, NULL<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_set_title, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, STRING<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_new, NONE, WIDGET, 3, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_container_add, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, WIDGET<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_label_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, STRING<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_attach_defaults, NONE, NONE, 6, WIDGET,
WIDGET, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_button_new_with_label, clicked, WIDGET, 1, STRING<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_widget_show, NONE, NONE, 1, WIDGET<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"></span></small><br>
------------------<br>
<br>
So the button will return an identifier, and it has 1 argument
containing the text to be printed on the button. The callback signal is
defined as "clicked". In the GTK documentation all signals which can be
emitted by
a button are described. The term 'clicked' is a real GTK term for the
'click'-signal. Let's put the button on the window and make it visible.
Please note that also the TABLE container must be shown!<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#!/usr/bin/gawk
-f</span><br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"># AWK Hello
world application using GTK</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">BEGIN{</span><br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
<span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">GTK =
"gtk-server -stdin"<br>
<br>
print "gtk_init NULL NULL" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_window_new 0" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline WINDOW<br>
print "gtk_window_set_title " WINDOW " \"This is a title\"" |&amp; GTK;
GTK |&amp; getline<br>
print "gtk_table_new 30 30 1" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline TABLE<br>
print "gtk_container_add " WINDOW " " TABLE |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp;
getline<br>
print "gtk_label_new \"Hello world\"" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline LABEL<br>
print "gtk_table_attach_defaults " TABLE " " LABEL " 1 29 3 7"
|&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"> print
"gtk_button_new_with_label Exit" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline BUTTON<br>
print "gtk_table_attach_defaults " TABLE " " BUTTON " 20 28 23
27" |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">print
"gtk_widget_show " LABEL |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">print
"gtk_widget_show " BUTTON |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">print
"gtk_widget_show " TABLE |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline</span><br>
</small> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small>print
"gtk_widget_show " WINDOW |&amp; GTK; GTK |&amp; getline</small><br>
</span><br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
<a name="chapter7"></a>
<h2>Chapter 7. GTK programming - the mainloop.</h2>
We enter the final stage: defining the mainloop. With GTK you have the
possibility to run through all GTK events once. This is performed by
the GTK function "gtk_main_iteration". In this iteration the GTK library
will check if any event has occured. In our program we want to check if
the "click"-signal was emitted by the button. Below the final
configfile and AWK program:<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
LIB_NAME = libgtk-x11-2.0.so<br
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_init, NONE, NONE, 2, NULL, NULL<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_window_set_title, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, STRING<br>
</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_new, NONE, WIDGET, 3, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_container_add, NONE, NONE, 2, WIDGET, WIDGET<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_label_new, NONE, WIDGET, 1, STRING<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_table_attach_defaults, NONE, NONE, 6, WIDGET,
WIDGET, LONG, LONG, LONG, LONG<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_button_new_with_label, clicked, WIDGET, 1, STRING<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_widget_show, NONE, NONE, 1, WIDGET<br>
FUNCTION_NAME = gtk_main_iteration, NONE, WIDGET, 0<br>
</span></small> <span
 style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;"><small></small></span><br>
------------------<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
<br>
<small><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">#!/usr/bin/gawk
-f</span><br style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">