📄 tcpip-freebsd-tcpip-apis.html
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NAME="TCPIP-FREEBSD-TCPIP-APIS"
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>Chapter 45. APIs</H1
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>Table of Contents</B
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><DT
><A
HREF="tcpip-freebsd-tcpip-apis.html#TCPIP-FREEBSD-STANDARD-NETWORKING-API"
>Standard networking</A
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><A
NAME="TCPIP-FREEBSD-STANDARD-NETWORKING-API"
>Standard networking</A
></H1
><P
>The APIs for the standard networking calls such as
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>socket()</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>recv()</CODE
> and so on, are
in header files relative to the top-level
include directory, within the standard subdirectories as conventionally
found in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/include</TT
>. For example:
<TABLE
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><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> install/include/arpa/tftp.h
install/include/netinet/tcpip.h
install/include/sys/socket.h
install/include/sys/socketvar.h
install/include/sys/sockio.h</PRE
></TD
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></P
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>network.h</TT
> at the top level
defines various extensions, for example the API
<CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>init_all_network_interfaces(void)</CODE
>
described
above. We advise including <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>network.h</TT
> whether
you use these features or not.</P
><P
>In general, using the networking code may require definition
of two symbols: _KERNEL and __ECOS. _KERNEL
is not normally required; __ECOS is normally required.
So add this to your compile lines for files which use the network
stack:</P
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> -D__ECOS</PRE
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><P
>To expand a little, it’s like this because this is
a port of a standard distribution external to eCos. One goal
is to perturb the sources as little as possible, so that upgrading
and maintenance from the external distribution is simplified. The __ECOS
symbol marks out the eCos additions in making the port.
The _KERNEL symbol is traditional UNIX practice: it distinguishes
a compilation which is to be linked into the kernel from one which
is part of an application. eCos applications are fully linked,
so this distinction does not apply. _KERNEL can however
be used to control the visibility of the internals of the stack,
so depending on what features your application uses, it may or may
not be necessary.</P
><P
>The include file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>network.h</TT
> undefines _KERNEL
unconditionally, to provide an application-like compilation environment.
If you were writing code which, for example,
enumerates the stack’s internal
structures, that is a kernel-like compilation environment, so you
would need to define _KERNEL (in addition to __ECOS)
and avoid including <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>network.h</TT
>.</P
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