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<td colspan="2" bgcolor="FFE3F3"> 更新时间：2008-6-18 18:30:37 【字体：<a href="javascript:fontZoomA();" class="top_UserLogin">小</a> <a href="javascript:fontZoomB();" class="top_UserLogin">大</a>】</td>
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class=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><?xml:namespaceprefix=ons="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"/><o:p> </o:p></SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">人工受精以往多应用于生物学方面，是为了改良动植物品种而采用的一种繁殖方法。那么人类中是否也可采用人工受精的方法呢？答案是肯定的，因为早在18世纪末已经有人用人为的方法取得男性精液，用人为方法输入女性生殖道内，而使其成功地怀孕。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"> 从优生学的角度来讲，通过人工受精的方法，可以把智力超群与体格强壮男性的精子，在极低的温度下快速冷冻贮存在</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">“</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">精子库</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">”</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">内。因为在液氮所造成的-196℃的超低温环境中，精子能长期存活，并在冻融复温后仍然保持正常功能。一旦需要时，可提供给患不育症男子的妻子或有严重遗传性疾病丈夫的配偶，使这些家庭能得到一个，至少与母亲有血缘关系的孩子。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">此外，由于我国目前实行一对夫妇生一个孩子的国策，当一对夫妇有一个孩子，而男方又准备做绝育手术时，可在手术前将他的精子贮入</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">“</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">精子库</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">”</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">中，以便万一将来孩子意外伤亡或患不治之症时，可从</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">“</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">精子库</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">”</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">中取出丈夫的精子，用人工受精法使妻子再怀孕。这样生育出来的孩子，仍然保留与父母的血缘关系。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><FONTface="TimesNewRoman"> </FONT>试管婴儿与人工受精不完全一样，它是把精子与卵子从人体中取出后在试管内使之受精，再让受精卵在试管内形成囊胚，然后把囊胚移植到女性的子宫内继续发育，直到分娩。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"> 世界上第一例试管婴儿于1978年7月诞生于英国，是一个名叫路易丝·布朗的女孩。她的妈妈因患输卵管阻塞，使卵子无法到达子宫腔，故婚后多年不育。医生从她体内取出卵子与她丈夫的精子在试管内人工受精，再植入母体，成功地孕育了路易丝。当时作同样尝试的多达77人，而路易丝的妈妈是其中唯一成功者。目前，随着科技的发展，世界各国已相继成功地诞生了许多试管婴儿。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"> 那么，是不是因为有了人工受精与试管婴儿等优生方法，就有可能使人类的后代，大批的成为优秀者呢？我们说这是不可能的。因为在人类中，智力极优秀且体格又强壮的人毕竟只是极少数，而这些人中肯提供自己精子者为数更少。再说即使他们愿意的话，手术又能获得成功，这样在所诞生的孩子中，便可能有不少是同父异母的兄弟姐妹，而鉴于医院严格执行保密规定，这些孩子彼此之间并不知道存在共同血缘关系。万一长大后结成终身伴侣，不知不觉地酿成近亲结婚，不但达不到后代优生的目的，且使遗传性疾病的患者更明显地增多，从而带来无穷后患。为此，人工受精与试管婴儿虽是人类生殖科学领域的伟大创举，也只能很严格地掌握使用，而不宜大力推广。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<Pclass=MsoNormalstyle="MARGIN:0cm0cm0pt;TEXT-ALIGN:left;mso-layout-grid-align:none"align=left><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN"> 此外，随着试管婴儿技术开展得日益普遍，在某些西方国家，还出现了一种</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">“</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">代人受孕</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">”</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">的新行业。因为有的富有的妇人不愿受怀孕之苦，可出钱请人代为怀孕，而自己做一个</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">“</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">一身轻快</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN;mso-ascii-font-family:宋体">”</SPAN><SPANstyle="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-FAMILY:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:'TimesNewRoman';mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN">的现成母亲。<o:p></o:p></SPAN>
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