vector.h

这是两个很好用的集合类

///Vector.h and .cpp
#ifndef __VECTOR_H__
#define __VECTOR_H__

// System includes

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <math.h>


namespace Flood
{

/// Forward declaration of Matrix template

template <class Type> class Matrix;

/// This template class defines a vector for general purpose use.
///
/// @see Matrix.

template <class Type>
class Vector
{

private:

   /// Size of vector.

   int size;

   /// Pointer to a Type.

   Type* vector;

public:


   // CONSTRUCTORS

   Vector(void);

   Vector(int);

   Vector(int, const Type&);

   Vector(int, const Type*);

   Vector(const Vector&);


   // ASSINGMENT OPERATOR

   Vector& operator=(const Vector&);


   // REFERENCE OPERATORS

   inline Type& operator[](const int);

   inline const Type& operator[](const int) const;

   // METHODS

   inline int getSize(void);
   inline void setSize(int);

   inline void resize(int);

   inline void fillAtRandom(void);
   inline void fillAtRandom(double, double);

   inline Type calculateMean(void);
   inline Type calculateStandardDeviation(void);

   inline Type calculateMinimum(void);
   inline Type calculateMaximum(void);

   inline int calculateMinimalIndex(void);
   inline int calculateMaximalIndex(void);

   inline double calculateNorm(void);

   inline Vector<Type> operator+(Type);
   inline Vector<Type> operator+(Vector<Type>);

   inline Vector<Type> operator-(Type);
   inline Vector<Type> operator-(Vector<Type>);

   inline Vector<Type> operator*(Type);
   inline Type dot(Vector<Type>);
   inline Vector<Type> operator*(Vector<Type>);
   inline Vector<Type> operator*(Matrix<Type>);
   inline Matrix<Type> outer(Vector<Type>);

   inline Vector<Type> operator/(Type);
   inline Vector<Type> operator/(Vector<Type>);

   inline Type* begin();
   inline Type* end();

   inline void insert(int, Vector<Type>);
   inline Vector<Type> extract(int, int);
   
   inline Vector<Type> assemble(Vector<Type>);

   void load(char*);
   void save(char*);

   // DESTRUCTOR

   ~Vector();
};


// CONSTRUCTORS

/// Default constructor. It creates a vector of size zero.

template <typename Type>
Vector<Type>::Vector(void) : size(0), vector(0)
{

}


/// Constructor. It creates a vector of size n, containing n copies of the default value for Type.
///
/// @param newSize Size of Vector.

template <typename Type>
Vector<Type>::Vector(int newSize) : size(newSize), vector(new Type[newSize])
{

}


/// Constructor. It creates a vector of size n, containing n copies of the type value of Type. 
///
/// @param newSize Size of Vector.
/// @param type Value of Type.

template <typename Type> Vector<Type> ::Vector(int newSize, const Type& type) 
: size(newSize), vector(new Type[newSize])
{
   for(int i = 0; i < newSize; i++)
   {
      vector[i] = type;
   }
}


/// Constructor. It creates a vector of size n, containing n copies of the type value of Type. 
///
/// @param newSize Size of Vector.
/// @param type Value of Type.

template <typename Type> Vector<Type>::Vector(int newSize, const Type* type) 
: size(newSize), vector(new Type[newSize])
{
   for(int i = 0; i < newSize; i++)
   {
      vector[i] = *type++;
   }
}


/// Copy constructor. It creates a copy of an existing Vector. 
///
/// @param oldVector Vector to be copied.

template <typename Type> Vector<Type>::Vector(const Vector<Type>& oldVector) 
: size(oldVector.size), vector(new Type[size])
{
   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      vector[i] = oldVector[i];
   }
}


// ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

/// Assignment operator. It assigns to self a copy of an existing Vector.
///
/// @param oldVector Vector to be assigned.

template <typename Type>
Vector<Type>& Vector<Type>::operator=(const Vector<Type>& oldVector)
{
   if(this != &oldVector)
   {
      if(size != oldVector.size)
      {
         if(vector != 0)
         {
            delete [] (vector);
         }

         size = oldVector.size;

         vector = new Type[size];
      }

      for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
      {
         vector[i] = oldVector[i];
      }
   }

   return(*this);
}


// REFERENCE OPERATORS

/// Reference operator. 

template <typename Type>
inline Type& Vector<Type>::operator[](const int i) 
{
   // Control sentence (if debug)

   #ifndef NDEBUG 

   if(i >= size)
   {
      std::cerr << std::endl
                << "Flood Error: Vector Template. " << std::endl
                << "Reference operator []." << std::endl
                << "Index is " << i << " and it must be less than " << size << "." << std::endl
                << std::endl;

      exit(1);
   }

   #endif

   // Return vector element

   return(vector[i]);
}


/// Reference operator. 

template <typename Type>
inline const Type& Vector<Type>::operator[](const int i) const 
{
   // Control sentence (if debug)
   
   #ifndef NDEBUG 

   if(i >= size)
   {
      std::cerr << std::endl
                << "Flood Error: Vector Template. " << std::endl
                << "Reference operator []." << std::endl
                << "Index is " << i << " and it must be less than " << size << "." << std::endl
                << std::endl;

      exit(1);
   }

   #endif

   return(vector[i]);
}


// METHODS

// int getSize(void) method

/// This method returns the number of elements in the vector. 

template <typename Type>
inline int Vector<Type>::getSize()
{
   return(size);
}


// void setSize(int) method

/// This method sets a new size in the vector.
/// It also initializes the new vector with the previous values.
///
/// @param newSize New number of elements.

template <typename Type>
inline void Vector<Type>::setSize(int newSize)
{
   vector = new Type[newSize];

   size = newSize;
}


// void resize(int) method

/// This method sets a new size in the vector.
/// It also initializes the new vector with the previous values.
///
/// @param newSize New number of elements.

template <typename Type>
inline void Vector<Type>::resize(int newSize)
{
   if(newSize > size)
   {
      Vector<Type> newVector(newSize);   

      for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
      {
        newVector[i] = vector[i];
      }

      vector = new Type[newSize];

      for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
      {
         vector[i] = newVector[i];      
      }

      size = newSize;
   }
   else if(newSize < size)
   {      
      Vector<Type> newVector(newSize);   

      for(int i = 0; i < newSize; i++)
      {
        newVector[i] = vector[i];
      }

      vector = new Type[newSize];

      for(int i = 0; i < newSize; i++)
      {
         vector[i] = newVector[i];      
      }

      size = newSize;
   }
   else
   {
      // Do nothing
   }
}


// void fillAtRandom(void) method

/// This method assigns a random value comprised between -1 and 1 to each element in the vector. 

template <class Type>
inline void Vector<Type>::fillAtRandom(void)
{
   double random = 0.0;

   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      random = (double)rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0);

      vector[i] = -1.0 + 2.0*random;
   }
}


// void fillAtRandom(double, double) method

/// This method assigns a random value comprised between a minimum and a maximum values to each element in the 
/// vector. 
///
/// @param minimum Minimum filling value.  
/// @param maximum Maximum filling value.

template <class Type>
inline void Vector<Type>::fillAtRandom(double minimum, double maximum)
{
   // Control sentence (if debug)

   #ifndef NDEBUG 

   if(minimum > maximum)
   {
      std::cerr << std::endl
                << "Flood Error: Vector Template." << std::endl 
                << "void fillAtRandom(double, double) method." << std::endl
                << "Minimum value must be less or equal than maximum value." << std::endl
                << std::endl;

      exit(1);
   }

   #endif

   double random = 0.0;

   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      random = (double)rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0);

      vector[i] =  minimum + (maximum - minimum)*random;
   }
}


// Type calculateMinimum(void) method

/// This method returns the smallest element in the vector.

template <typename Type>
inline Type Vector<Type>::calculateMinimum()
{
   Type minimum = vector[0];

   for(int i = 1; i < size; i++)
   {
      if(vector[i] < minimum)
      {
         minimum = vector[i];
      }
   }
   
   return(minimum);
}


// Type calculateMaximum(void) method

/// This method returns the largest element in the vector.

template <typename Type>
inline Type Vector<Type>::calculateMaximum()
{
   Type maximum = vector[0];

   for(int i = 1; i < size; i++)
   {
      if(vector[i] > maximum)
      {
         maximum = vector[i];
      }
   }
   
   return(maximum);
}


// int calculateMinimalIndex(void) method

/// This method returns the index of the smallest element in the vector.

template <typename Type>
inline int Vector<Type>::calculateMinimalIndex()
{
   Type minimum = vector[0];
   int minimalIndex = 0;

   for(int i = 1; i < size; i++)
   {
      if(vector[i] < minimum)
      {
         minimum = vector[i];
         minimalIndex = i;
      }
   }
   
   return(minimalIndex);
}


// int calculateMaximalIndex(void) method

/// This method returns the index of the largest element in the vector.

template <typename Type>
inline int Vector<Type>::calculateMaximalIndex()
{
   Type maximum = vector[0];
   int maximalIndex = 0;

   for(int i = 1; i < size; i++)
   {
      if(vector[i] > maximum)
      {
         maximum = vector[i];
         maximalIndex = i;
      }
   }
   
   return(maximalIndex);
}


// Type calculateMean(void) method

/// This method returns the mean of the elements in the vector.

template <typename Type>
inline Type Vector<Type>::calculateMean(void)
{
   Type mean = 0;

   double sum = 0.0;

   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      sum += vector[i];
   }

   mean = sum/(double)size;
   
   return(mean);
}


// Type calculateStandardDeviation(void) method

/// This method returns the standard deviation of the elements in the vector.

template <typename Type>
inline Type Vector<Type>::calculateStandardDeviation(void)
{
   Type standardDeviation = 0;

   double mean = calculateMean();

   double sum = 0.0;
   
   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      sum += pow(vector[i] - mean, 2);
   }

   standardDeviation = sqrt(sum/(double)size);
   
   return(standardDeviation);
}


// double calculateNorm(void) method

/// This element returns the vector norm.

template <typename Type>
inline double Vector<Type>::calculateNorm()
{
   // Control sentence (if debug)

   #ifndef NDEBUG 

   if(size == 0)
   {
      std::cerr << std::endl
                << "Flood Error: Vector Template." << std::endl 
                << "double calculateNorm(void) method." << std::endl
                << "Size of vector is zero." << std::endl
                << std::endl;

      exit(1);
   }

   #endif

   double norm = 0.0;

   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      norm += vector[i]*vector[i];
   }
   
   norm = sqrt(norm);
   
   return(norm);
}


// Vector<Type> operator + (Type) method 

/// Sum vector+scalar arithmetic operator. 

template <typename Type>
inline Vector<Type> Vector<Type>::operator + (Type scalar)
{       
   Vector<Type> sum(size);

   for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      sum[i] = vector[i] + scalar;
   }
   
   return(sum);
}


// Vector<Type> operator + (Vector<Type>)

/// Sum vector+vector arithmetic operator.