cips5.c

This is code tutorial for image processing include:histogram,sketon....

          size;
   short  the_image[ROWS][COLS],
          out_image[ROWS][COLS];
{
   int      sd2, sd2p1;
   struct   tiff_header_struct image_header;

   sd2   = size/2;
   sd2p1 = sd2 + 1;

   create_file_if_needed(in_name, out_name, out_image);

   read_tiff_image(in_name, the_image, il, ie, ll, le);

   difference_array(the_image, out_image, size);

   fix_edges(out_image, sd2);

   write_array_into_tiff_image(out_name, out_image,
                               il, ie, ll, le);

}  /* ends adifference */





     /*******************************************
     *
     *   difference_array(..
     *
     *   This function takes the input image
     *   array the_image and places in out_image
     *   the gray level differences of the pixels
     *   in the_image.  It uses the size
     *   parameter for the distance between pixels
     *   used to get the difference.
     *
     *******************************************/

difference_array(the_image, out_image, size)
   int    size;
   short  the_image[ROWS][COLS],
          out_image[ROWS][COLS];
{
   int i, j, sd2;
   sd2   = size/2;

   for(i=sd2; i<ROWS-sd2; i++){
      for(j=sd2; j<COLS-sd2; j++){
         out_image[i][j] =
            abs(the_image[i][j] - 
                the_image[i+sd2][j+sd2]);
      }  /* ends loop over j */
   }  /* ends loop over i */

   fix_edges(out_image, sd2);

}  /* ends difference_array */



     /*******************************************
     *
     *   hurst(..
     *
     *   This routine performs the Hurst 
     *   operation as described in "The Image 
     *   Processing Handbook" by John C. Russ
     *   CRC Press 1992.
     *
     *   The following show the definitions of
     *   the pixel classes used in this routine.
     *
     *   3x3 case
     *       c b c
     *     d b a b d
     *       c b c
     *
     *   5x5 case
     *     f e d e f
     *     e c b c e
     *     d b a b d
     *     e c b c e
     *     f e d e f
     *
     *   7x7 case
     *       h g h
     *     f e d e f
     *   h e c b c e h
     *   g d b a b d g
     *   h e c b c e h
     *     f e d e f
     *       h g h
     *
     *******************************************/

hurst(in_name, out_name, the_image, out_image,
      il, ie, ll, le, size)
   char   in_name[], out_name[];
   int    il, ie, ll, le, size;
   short  the_image[ROWS][COLS],
          out_image[ROWS][COLS];

{
   float  x[8], y[8], sig[8];
   float  aa, bb, siga, sigb, chi2, q;
   int    ndata, mwt;

   int    a, b, count, i, j, k,
          new_hi, new_low, length,
          number, sd2, sd2p1, ss, width;
   short  *elements, max, prange;
   struct tiff_header_struct image_header;

      /**********************************************
      *
      *   Initialize the ln's of the distances.
      *   Do this one time to save computations.
      *
      **********************************************/

   x[1] = 0.0;        /* ln(1)        */
   x[2] = 0.34657359; /* ln(sqrt(2))  */
   x[3] = 0.69314718; /* ln(2)        */
   x[4] = 0.80471896; /* ln(sqrt(5))  */
   x[5] = 1.03972077; /* ln(sqrt(8))  */
   x[6] = 1.09861229; /* ln(3)        */
   x[7] = 1.15129255; /* ln(sqrt(10)) */

   sig[1] = 1.0;
   sig[2] = 1.0;
   sig[3] = 1.0;
   sig[4] = 1.0;
   sig[5] = 1.0;
   sig[6] = 1.0;
   sig[7] = 1.0;

   sd2 = size/2;

      /**********************************
      *
      *   Create out file and read
      *   input file.
      *
      ***********************************/

   create_file_if_needed(in_name, out_name, out_image);

   read_tiff_image(in_name, the_image, il, ie, ll, le);

   max = 255;
   if(image_header.bits_per_pixel == 4){
      max = 16;
   }

      /***************************
      *
      *   Loop over image array
      *
      ****************************/

   printf("\n");
   for(i=sd2; i<ROWS-sd2; i++){
      if( (i%2) == 0) printf("%d ", i);
      for(j=sd2; j<COLS-sd2; j++){

         for(k=1; k<=7; k++) y[k] = 0.0;

            /*************************************
            *
            *   Go through each pixel class, set
            *   the elements array, sort it, get
            *   the range, and take the ln of the
            *   range.
            *
            *************************************/

            /* b pixel class */
         number      = 4;
         elements    = (short *)
                       malloc(number * sizeof(short));
         elements[0] = the_image[i-1][j];
         elements[1] = the_image[i+1][j];
         elements[2] = the_image[i][j-1];
         elements[3] = the_image[i][j+1];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[1] = log(prange);

            /* c pixel class */
         elements[0] = the_image[i-1][j-1];
         elements[1] = the_image[i+1][j+1];
         elements[2] = the_image[i+1][j-1];
         elements[3] = the_image[i-1][j+1];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[2] = log(prange);

            /* d pixel class */
         elements[0] = the_image[i-2][j];
         elements[1] = the_image[i+2][j];
         elements[2] = the_image[i][j-2];
         elements[3] = the_image[i][j+2];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[3] = log(prange);

            /* f pixel class */
         if(size == 5  ||  size == 7){
         elements[0] = the_image[i-2][j-2];
         elements[1] = the_image[i+2][j+2];
         elements[2] = the_image[i+2][j-2];
         elements[3] = the_image[i-2][j+2];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[5] = log(prange);
         }  /* ends if size == 5 */

            /* g pixel class */
         if(size == 7){
         elements[0] = the_image[i-3][j];
         elements[1] = the_image[i+3][j];
         elements[2] = the_image[i][j-3];
         elements[3] = the_image[i][j+3];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[6] = log(prange);
         }  /* ends if size == 7 */

         free(elements);

            /* e pixel class */
         if(size == 5  ||  size == 7){
         number      = 8;
         elements    = (short *)
                       malloc(number * sizeof(short));
         elements[0] = the_image[i-1][j-2];
         elements[1] = the_image[i-2][j-1];
         elements[2] = the_image[i-2][j+1];
         elements[3] = the_image[i-1][j+2];
         elements[4] = the_image[i+1][j+2];
         elements[5] = the_image[i+2][j+1];
         elements[6] = the_image[i+2][j-1];
         elements[7] = the_image[i+1][j-2];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[4] = log(prange);
         }  /* ends if size == 5 */

            /* h pixel class */
         if(size == 7){
         elements[0] = the_image[i-1][j-3];
         elements[1] = the_image[i-3][j-1];
         elements[2] = the_image[i-3][j+1];
         elements[3] = the_image[i-1][j+3];
         elements[4] = the_image[i+1][j+3];
         elements[5] = the_image[i+3][j+1];
         elements[6] = the_image[i+3][j-1];
         elements[7] = the_image[i+1][j-3];
         sort_elements(elements, &number);
         prange = elements[number-1] - elements[0];
         if(prange < 0)  prange = prange*(-1);
         if(prange == 0) prange = 1;
         y[7] = log(prange);
         }  /* ends if size == 7 */

         free(elements);

            /*************************************
            *
            *   Call the fit routine to fit the
            *   data to a straight line. y=mx+b
            *   The answer you want is the slope
            *   of the line.  That is returned
            *   in the parameter bb.
            *
            *************************************/
         ndata = size;
         mwt   = 1;
         fit(x, y, ndata, sig, mwt, &aa, &bb,
             &siga, &sigb, &chi2, &q);

         out_image[i][j] = (short)(bb*64.0);
         if(out_image[i][j] > max)
            out_image[i][j] = max;
         if(out_image[i][j] < 0)
            out_image[i][j] = 0;

      }  /* ends loop over j */
   }  /* ends loop over i */


   fix_edges(out_image, sd2);

   write_array_into_tiff_image(out_name, out_image,
                               il, ie, ll, le);

}  /* ends hurst */





     /*******************************************
     *
     *   compare(..
     *
     *   This function compares a sizeXsize area
     *   starting at line,element in an image
     *   with all the sizeXsize areas in the
     *   image.
     *
     *******************************************/

compare(in_name, out_name, the_image, out_image,
          il, ie, ll, le, line, element, size)
   char   in_name[], out_name[];
   int    il, ie, ll, le,
          line, element, size;
   short  the_image[ROWS][COLS],
          out_image[ROWS][COLS];
{
   int      a, b, count, i, j, k, max,
            sd2, sd2p1;
   short    pixel;
   struct   tiff_header_struct image_header;
   int      big, diff;

      /**************************************
      *
      *   Declare and allocate memory for the
      *   two dimensional small array.
      *
      ***************************************/

   short **small;
   small = malloc(size * sizeof(short  *));
   for(i=0; i<size; i++){
      small[i] = malloc(size * sizeof(short ));
      if(small[i] == '\0'){
         printf("\n\tmalloc of small[%d] failed", i);
         exit(0);
      }
   }

      /**************************************
      *
      *   Read in the part of the input image
      *   that contains the line element
      *   portion.
      *
      ***************************************/

   read_tiff_image(in_name, the_image,
                   line, element,
                   line+size, element+size);

   for(i=0; i<size; i++)
      for(j=0; j<size; j++)
        small[i][j] = the_image[i][j];

      /**************************************
      *
      *   Create the output image and read
      *   in the input data.
      *
      ***************************************/

   sd2   = size/2;
   sd2p1 = sd2 + 1;

   create_file_if_needed(in_name, out_name, out_image);

   read_tiff_image(in_name, the_image, il, ie, ll, le);

   max = 255;
   if(image_header.bits_per_pixel == 4){
       max = 16;
   }

      /**************************************
      *
      *   Loop over the image array and
      *   calculate the contrast measure.
      *
      ***************************************/

   printf("\n");
   for(i=sd2; i<ROWS-sd2; i++){
      if( (i%10) == 0) printf("%d ", i);
      for(j=sd2; j<COLS-sd2; j++){

         big = 0;
         for(a=-sd2; a<sd2p1; a++){
            for(b=-sd2; b<sd2p1; b++){
            diff = small[a+sd2][b+sd2] -
                   the_image[i+a][j+b];
            big  = big + abs(diff);
            }
         }

      big = big/(size*size);
      out_image[i][j] = big;
      if(out_image[i][j] > max)
         out_image[i][j] = max;

      }  /* ends loop over j */
   }  /* ends loop over i */

   fix_edges(out_image, sd2);

   write_array_into_tiff_image(out_name, out_image,
                               il, ie, ll, le);

      /**************************************
      *
      *   Free the memory for the
      *   two dimensional small array.
      *
      ***************************************/

   for(i=0; i<size; i++)
      free(small[i]);

}  /* ends compare */





     /*******************************************
     *
     *   get_texture_options(..
     *
     *   This function queries the user for the
     *   parameters needed to use the texture
     *   operators.
     *
     *******************************************/

get_texture_options(type, threshold, t_value, size, 
                    line, element)
   char type[];
   int  *threshold, *t_value, *size, *line, *element;
{
   int not_finished = 1, response;

   while(not_finished){

      printf("\n");
      printf("\n1. Type of texture operator is %s",
             type);  
      printf("\n   recall type: sigma      skewness");
      printf("\n                amean      adifference");
      printf("\n                hurst      compare");
      printf("\n2. threshold is %d (1=on 2=off)",
             *threshold);
      printf("\n3. threshold value is %d", *t_value);
      printf("\n4. size is %d", *size);
      printf("\n5. line is %d", *line);
      printf("\n6. element is %d\n", *element);
      printf("\n   usage for compare:");
      printf("\n   texture in-file out-file compare ");
      printf("line element size");
      printf("\n\nEnter choice (0 = no change) _\b");

      get_integer(&response);

      if(response == 0){
        not_finished = 0;
      }

      if(response == 1){
         printf("\nEnter type of texture operator");
         printf("\nrecall type: sigma  skewness");
         printf("\n             amean  adifference");
         printf("\n             hurst  compare\n");
         gets(type);
      }

      if(response == 2){
        printf("\n\nEnter threshold output ");
        printf("(1=on 2=off)");
        printf("\n  _\b");
        get_integer(threshold);
      }

      if(response == 3){
        printf("\n\nEnter threshold value");
        printf("\n  _\b");
        get_integer(t_value);
      }

      if(response == 4){
        printf("\n\nEnter size");
        printf("\n  _\b");
        get_integer(size);
      }

      if(response == 5){
        printf("\n\nEnter line");
        printf("\n  _\b");
        get_integer(line);
      }

      if(response == 6){
        printf("\n\nEnter element");
        printf("\n  _\b");
        get_integer(element);
      }

   }  /* ends while not_finished */
}  /* ends get_texture_options */