imageio.c

This is code tutorial for image processing include:histogram,sketon....

      /* Y Resolution */
      /* Store the 8 bytes for this value
         starting at 238 */
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 0, 283);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 2, 5);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 4, 1);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 8, 238);
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 12, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);



      /* clear buffer */
   for(i=0; i<12; i++) buffer[i] = 0x00;

      /* Planer Configuration */
      /* chunky */
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 0, 284);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 2, 3);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 4, 1);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 8, 1);
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 12, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);


      /* Resolution Unit */
      /* inches */
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 0, 296);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 2, 3);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 4, 1);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 8, 2);
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 12, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);


      /* Software */
      /* Put this a 246, 50 bytes */
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 0, 305);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 2, 2);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 4, 50);
   insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, 8, 246);
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 12, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);


      /* Offset to next IFD (0 means no more IFD's) */
   for(i=0; i<12; i++) buffer[i] = 0x00;
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 4, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);


      /* clear buffer */
   for(i=0; i<12; i++) buffer[i] = 0x00;

      /* Now store the X Resolution
         first long is numerator
         second long is denominator */
   insert_long_into_buffer(buffer, 0, 300L);
   insert_long_into_buffer(buffer, 4, 1L);
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 8, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);


      /* Now store the Y Resolution
         first long is numerator
         second long is denominator */
   insert_long_into_buffer(buffer, 0, 300L);
   insert_long_into_buffer(buffer, 4, 1L);
   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, 8, image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);


      /* Now store the software tag */
   for(i=0; i<50; i++) long_buffer[i] = '\0';
   strcpy(long_buffer,
   "Dwayne Phillips C Image Processing System 1993");
   long_buffer[46] = '\0';
   long_buffer[47] = '\0';
   long_buffer[48] = '\0';
   long_buffer[49] = '\0';
   bytes_written = fwrite(long_buffer, 1, 50, 
                          image_file);
   printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);
   printf("\n%s", long_buffer);



      /***************************************
      *
      *   Now write the image data.
      *
      ****************************************/

   printf("\n length is %ld", 
          image_header->image_length);
   printf("\n width is %ld", 
          image_header->image_width);

   k = image_header->image_width;

   if(image_header->bits_per_pixel == 4)
      k = k/2;
   
   image_buffer = (char  *) malloc(k * sizeof(char ));

   for(i=0; i<k; i++)
      image_buffer[i] = 0x00;

   for(i=0; i<image_header->image_length; i++){
      bytes_written = fwrite(image_buffer, 1, k, image_file);
      /***printf("\n wrote %d bytes", bytes_written);***/
   }

   fclose(image_file);
   free(image_buffer);

}  /* ends create_allocate_tiff_file */





       /*********************************************
       *
       *   write_array_into_tiff_file(...
       *
       *   This function takes an array of shorts and 
       *   writes them into an existing tiff image file.
       *
       **********************************************/

write_tiff_image(image_file_name, array)

        char    image_file_name[];
        short   **array;
{

   FILE  *image_file;
   int   bytes_written,
         closed,
         i,
          position,
         written;

   float a;

   long  line_length,
         offset;

   struct tiff_header_struct image_header;

   read_tiff_header(image_file_name, &image_header);

      /***********************************************
      *
      *   Procedure:
      *   Seek to the strip offset where the data begins.
      *   Seek to the first line you want.
      *   Loop over the lines you want to write.
      *      Seek to the first element of the line.
      *      Write the line.
      *      Seek to the end of the data in that line.
      *
      ************************************************/

   image_file = fopen(image_file_name, "rb+");
   position   = fseek(image_file,
                      image_header.strip_offset, 
                      SEEK_SET);

   for(i=0; i<image_header.image_length; i++){
      bytes_written = write_line(image_file, array,
                                  i, &image_header, 
                                  0, image_header.image_width);
   }  /* ends loop over i  */

   closed = fclose(image_file);

}  /*  ends write_tiff_image */




       /*********************************************
       *
       *   write_line(...
       *
       *   This function takes an array of shorts, 
       *   extracts the numbers and puts them into 
       *   a buffer, then writes this buffer into a 
       *   tiff file on disk. The process depends on 
       *   the number of bits per pixel used in the 
       *   file (4 or 8).
       *
       **********************************************/

write_line(image_file, array, line_number, 
           image_header, ie, le)
   FILE   *image_file;
   int    ie, le, line_number;
   short  **array;
   struct tiff_header_struct *image_header;
{
   char     *buffer, first, second;
   float    a, b;
   int      bytes_written, i;
   unsigned int bytes_to_write;
   union    short_char_union scu;

   buffer = (char  *) malloc(image_header->image_width * sizeof(char ));
   for(i=0; i<image_header->image_width; i++)
      buffer[i] = '\0';

   bytes_to_write = (le-ie)/
                    (8/image_header->bits_per_pixel);

   for(i=0; i<bytes_to_write; i++){

        /**********************************************
        *
        *   Use unions defined in cips.h to stuff shorts
        *   into bytess.
        *
        **********************************************/

      if(image_header->bits_per_pixel == 8){
       scu.s_num = 0;
       scu.s_num = array[line_number][i];
       buffer[i] = scu.s_alpha[0];
      }  /* ends if bits_per_pixel == 8 */


      if(image_header->bits_per_pixel == 4){

       scu.s_num = 0;
       scu.s_num = array[line_number][i*2];
       first     = scu.s_alpha[0] << 4;

       scu.s_num = 0;
       scu.s_num = array[line_number][i*2];
       second    = scu.s_alpha[0] & 0X000F;

       buffer[i] = first | second;
      }  /* ends if bits_per_pixel == 4 */

   }  /*  ends loop over i  */


   bytes_written = fwrite(buffer, 1, bytes_to_write, 
                          image_file);

   free(buffer);
   return(bytes_written);

}  /* ends write_line  */






   /***************************************
   *
   *   insert_short_into_buffer(...
   *
   *   This inserts a two byte short into a
   *   buffer of characters.  It does this
   *   is LSB order.
   *
   ***************************************/


insert_short_into_buffer(buffer, start, number)
    char  buffer[];
    int   start;
    short number;
{
    union short_char_union lsu;

    lsu.s_num       = number;
    buffer[start+0] = lsu.s_alpha[0];
    buffer[start+1] = lsu.s_alpha[1];

}  /* ends insert_short_into_buffer */






   /***************************************
   *
   *   insert_ushort_into_buffer(...
   *
   *   This inserts a two byte unsigned 
   *   short into a buffer of characters.  
   *   It does this is LSB order.
   *
   ***************************************/

insert_ushort_into_buffer(buffer, start, number)
    char  buffer[];
    int   start;
    unsigned short number;
{
    union ushort_char_union lsu;

    lsu.s_num       = number;
    buffer[start+0] = lsu.s_alpha[0];
    buffer[start+1] = lsu.s_alpha[1];

}  /* ends insert_short_into_buffer */




   /***************************************
   *
   *   insert_long_into_buffer(...
   *
   *   This inserts a four byte long into a
   *   buffer of characters.  It does this
   *   is LSB order.
   *
   ***************************************/



insert_long_into_buffer(buffer, start, number)
    char buffer[];
    int  start;
    long number;
{
    union long_char_union lsu;

    lsu.l_num       = number;
    buffer[start+0] = lsu.l_alpha[0];
    buffer[start+1] = lsu.l_alpha[1];
    buffer[start+2] = lsu.l_alpha[2];
    buffer[start+3] = lsu.l_alpha[3];

}  /* ends insert_short_into_buffer */





   /***************************************
   *
   *   insert_ulong_into_buffer(...
   *
   *   This inserts a four byte unsigned 
   *   long into a buffer of characters.  
   *   It does this is LSB order.
   *
   ***************************************/

insert_ulong_into_buffer(buffer, start, number)
    char buffer[];
    int  start;
    unsigned long number;
{
    union ulong_char_union lsu;

    lsu.l_num       = number;
    buffer[start+0] = lsu.l_alpha[0];
    buffer[start+1] = lsu.l_alpha[1];
    buffer[start+2] = lsu.l_alpha[2];
    buffer[start+3] = lsu.l_alpha[3];

}  /* ends insert_ulong_into_buffer */




   /***************************************
   *
   *   round_off_image_size(...
   *
   *   This takes the image header and rounds
   *   it off to a multiple of ROWS and COLS.
   *   e.g. if width=123 it returns 1.
   *
   ***************************************/


round_off_image_size(image_header, length, width)
    int    *length, *width;
    struct tiff_header_struct *image_header;
{
   *length = (ROWS-10 + image_header->image_length)/ROWS;
   *width  = (COLS-10 + image_header->image_width)/COLS;
} /* ends round_off_image_size */





    /***********************************************
    *
    *    does_not_exist(...
    *
    *    This function checks the disk to see if
    *    a file exists.  If the file is there this
    *    function returns a 0, if it does not exist
    *    this function returns a 1.
    *
    ***********************************************/

does_not_exist(file_name)
    char file_name[];
{
   FILE *image_file;
   int  result;

   result = 1;
   image_file = fopen(file_name, "rb");
   if(image_file != NULL){
      result = 0;
      fclose(image_file);
   }
   return(result);
}  /* ends does_not_exist */










      /******************************************
      *
      *   read_bmp_file_header(...
      *
      *   This function reads the bmpfileheader
      *   structure from the top of a bmp
      *   image file.
      *
      ******************************************/

read_bmp_file_header(file_name,
                     file_header)
   char *file_name;
   struct bmpfileheader *file_header;
{
   char  buffer[10];
   long  ll;
   short ss;
   unsigned long  ull;
   unsigned short uss;
   FILE     *fp;

   fp = fopen(file_name, "rb");

   fread(buffer, 1, 2, fp);
   extract_ushort_from_buffer(buffer, 1, 0, &uss);
   file_header->filetype = uss;

   fread(buffer, 1, 4, fp);
   extract_ulong_from_buffer(buffer, 1, 0, &ull);
   file_header->filesize = ull;

   fread(buffer, 1, 2, fp);
   extract_short_from_buffer(buffer, 1, 0, &ss);
   file_header->reserved1 = ss;

   fread(buffer, 1, 2, fp);
   extract_short_from_buffer(buffer, 1, 0, &ss);
   file_header->reserved2 = ss;

   fread(buffer, 1, 4, fp);
   extract_ulong_from_buffer(buffer, 1, 0, &ull);
   file_header->bitmapoffset = ull;

   fclose(fp);

}  /* ends read_bmp_file_header */



      /******************************************
      *
      *   print_bmp_file_header(...
      *
      *   This function printfs parts of the
      *   bmpfileheader structure.
      *
      ******************************************/

print_bmp_file_header(struct bmpfileheader *file_header)
{
 printf("\nfile type %x", file_header->filetype);
 printf("\nfile size %d", file_header->filesize);
 printf("\nbit map offset %d", file_header->bitmapoffset);
}




      /******************************************
      *
      *   read_bm_header(...
      *
      *   This function reads the bitmapheader
      *   structure from the top of a bmp
      *   image file.
      *