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in the system. The thread migrations exhibited due to soft-affinity
are actually due to the scheduler trying to keep threads on
their arbitrarily assigned ideal processors, rather than on
the last CPU they ran on. Note that the Win32 API <b>SetThreadIdealProcessor</b>
can be used to override the random selection.<br>
<br>
The paragraph describing <i>KiReadyThread</i> says that it
schedules a thread on a CPU if the thread has a priority equal
to or higher than the thread currently executing on the CPU.
The priority of the executing thread must actually be lower
than the thread's in question. <br>
<br>
<a name="Boot"></a><b>Inside the Boot Process, Part 2</b><br>
The Last Known Good control set is not committed until after
all services have successfully initialized <i>and</i> a user
successfully logs in. When a user logs in the Winlogon program
calls out to the logon interface (GINA) to perform processing
of the request, and Microsoft's default GINA, MSGINA, checks
to see if all services have finished initializing - if so,
it requests that the Service Control Manager mark the current
control set as the 'last known good'. If the services have
not finished initializing at the time a user logs in, the
Service Control Manager notes that a user has logged in and
updates the 'last known good' after the services are done
initializing.<font face="arial"></font></p>
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<td colspan="3" height="40" valign="middle"><span class='sectionheader'>Articles </span>
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<td valign="TOP" colspan="3" align="left">
<p><a name="Articles"></a>Windows 2000 Magazine articles are
available on-line only to subscribers. If you want to subscribe
please do so using the <i>Sysinternals</i> newstand: <a
href="http://service.bfast.com/bfast/click/enews?sourceid=5230671&bfpid=3451-62639&bfmtype=offer"
target="_top">Subscribe to Windows 2000 Magazine</a>. <br>
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/01/12/XPKernel/XPKernel.asp" target="_blank"><b>Windows
XP: Kernel Improvements Create a More Robust, Powerful,
and Scalable OS</b></a><b>, by Mark Russinovich and David
Solomon, MSDN Magazine, December 2001</b> <br>
Find out how Windows XP improves on the Windows 2000 kernel
with changes in the kernel and supporting kernel services.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><a href="files/webserver.pdf"><b>High-Performance Memory-Based
Web Servers: Kernel and User-Space Performance</b>,</a>
<b>by P. Joubert, R. King, R. Neves, M. Russinovich, and
J. Tracey, Proceedings of the 2001 USENIX Anual Technical
Conference, Boston, MA, June 28, 2001</b><br>
Learn about the innovative in-kernel Web server acceleration
technology Mark helped develop when he worked at IBM Research.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li> <b>"</b><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=7486"><b>Inside the
Windows 2000 Kernel</b></a><b>," by Mark Russinovich,
Windows NT Magazine, Winter 1999.<br>
</b>I take you on a tour of changes to the NT kernel Microsoft
made going from NT 4 to Win2K. Topics I cover include scalability,
power management, plug-and-play and the file systems.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li> <b>"</b><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=5048"><b>Linux and
the Enterprise</b></a><b>," by Mark Russinovich, Windows
NT Magazine, April 1999.<br>
</b>Learn about limitations in the implementation of the
Linux 2.2 kernel that will prevent it from competing with
commercial UNIXs and Windows NT on enterprise-class workloads.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li> <b>"</b><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?IssueID=97&ArticleID=4494"><b>Windows
NT and VMS: The Rest of the Story</b></a><b>," by Mark
Russinovich, Windows NT Magazine, December 1998.<br>
</b>This article describes NT's VMS legacy and how Digital
reacted to the fact that Windows NT's kernel so strongly
resembles that of VMS.<br>
<br>
</li>
<li> <strong>"</strong><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?IssueID=97&ArticleID=4500"><strong>NT
vs UNIX: Is One Substantially Better than the Other?</strong></a><strong>,"
by Mark Russinovich, Windows NT Magazine, December 1998.</strong><br>
The architecture and kernel subsystem design and functionality
of Windows NT and UNIX are compared. In order to answer
the question of which is better, the results of industry
standard benchmarks for NT and UNIX are presented. An article
with surprises for everyone.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>"</b><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?IssueID=53&ArticleID=3469"><b>NT
Rollout Options</b></a><b>," by Mark Russinovich, Windows
NT Magazine, June 1998. <br>
</b>Both unattended setup and cloning are discussed in this
article. The issues caused by duplicate SIDs that result
from cloning are described in detail, and Microsoft's official
stance on cloning is presented. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"</b><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?IssueID=19&ArticleID=122"><b>Inside
the Windows NT Registry</b></a><b>," by Mark Russinovich,
Windows NT Magazine, April 1997. <br>
</b>This article describes the organization of the Registry,
discusses what is stored in each root key and their subkeys,
and points out a few Registry tricks. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Examining the Windows NT File System," by
M. Russinovich and B. Cogswell, Dr. Dobb's Journal, February
1997. <br>
</b><a href="ntw2k/source/filemon.shtml">Filemon </a>is presented in this
article, which also presents the basics of the NT I/O manager
and how file systems interface with it. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Windows NT System Call Hooking," by M. Russinovich
and B. Cogswell, Dr. Dobb's Journal, January 1997. <br>
</b><a href="ntw2k/source/regmon.shtml">Regmon </a>is presented in this
article, and it describes how NTRegmon uses a technique
we came up with, kernel-mode system call hooking, to watch
all Registry activity. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"</b><a
href="http://www.winntmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?IssueID=14&ArticleID=2816"><b>Inside
the Difference Between Windows NT Workstation and Windows
NT Server</b></a><b>," by M. Russinovich, Windows NT
Magazine, November 1996.<br>
</b>The definitive article describing the differences between
the two flavors of NT. Mark was the technical source behind
O'Reilly and Associates disclosure in September 1996 that,
contrary to some of Microsoft's claims, Server and Workstation
share the same code base. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Inside the Windows 95 Registry," by M. Russinovich
and B. Cogswell, Windows Developer's Journal, October 1996.
<br>
</b><a href="ntw2k/source/regmon.shtml">Regmon </a>is presented in this
article, which also describes the overall layout of the
Windows 95 Registry. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"NTFSDOS Poses Little Security Threat," by
M. Russinovich and B. Cogswell, Windows NT Magazine, September
1996. <br>
</b>Our view on how <a href="ntw2k/freeware/NTFSDOS.shtml">NTFSDOS </a>does
not "break" NT security, but rather highlights
the need for physical security. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Inside SoftRAM 95," by M. Russinovich, B.
Cogswell, and A. Schulman, Dr. Dobb's Journal, August 1996.
<br>
</b>Mark broke the story on SoftRAM 95 (published by Syncronys
Softcorp.), the second best selling Windows product of 1995
(behind Windows 95 Upgrade), showing the world it was a
fraud. This article goes inside the program to expose its
deceit. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Replay for Concurrent Non-Deterministic Shared
Memory Applications," by M. Russinovich and B. Cogswell,
Proceedings of ACM Conference on Programming Language Design
and Implementation, May 1996. <br>
</b>This academic paper presents a technique we developed
to efficiently replay a class of programs that traditionally
required much more expensive (in space and time) and intrusive
methods to enable identical re-execution. Replay techniques
are used in fault tolerance and debugging applications.
<br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Examining VxD Service Hooking," by M. Russinovich
and B. Cogswell, Dr. Dobb's Journal, May 1996. <br>
</b><a href="win9x/utilities/vcmon.shtml">VCMon </a>(VCache Monitor) is presented
in this article as an example of the kinds of visibility
VxD service hooking can provide. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"Journaling and Playback for Windows 95,"
by M. Russinovich and B. Cogswell, Dr. Dobb's Journal, March
1996. <br>
</b>Windows 95 introduced new VxD services that enable a
VxD to record and play-back keyboard and mouse input at
the lowest level. <a
href="win9x/utilities/ctrl2cap95.shtml">Ctrl2Cap </a>is another example of this feature. <br>
<br>
</li>
<li><b>"</b><a
href="http://www.ddj.com/ddj/1995/1995.12/russinov.htm"><b>Examining the Windows
95 Layered File System</b></a>," .<b>by M. Russinovich
and B. Cogswell, Dr. Dobb's Journal, Dec. 1995</b><br>
Here we present a Windows 95 VSD that hooks all physical
disk I/O and presents it ala <a href="ntw2k/source/filemon.shtml">Filemon</a>.
We also discuss the organization of the Windows 95 disk
I/O subsystem. </li>
</ul>
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