basic_string.h

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                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or @a pos2 >
                 *  str.size().
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [pos1,pos1 + n) from this
                 *  string.  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is
                 *  beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the
                 *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
                 *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
                            size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
                    { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
                            + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
                            __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C substring.
                 *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
                 *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
                 *  @param str  C string to insert.
                 *  @param n2  Number of characters from str to use.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size().
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
                 *  In place, the first @a n2 characters of @a str are inserted, or all
                 *  of @a str if @a n2 is too large.  If @a pos is beyond end of string,
                 *  out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
                 *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
                 *  an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
                            size_type __n2);

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C string.
                 *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
                 *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
                 *  @param str  C string to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
                 *  In place, the first @a n characters of @a str are inserted.  If @a
                 *  pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length
                 *  of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of
                 *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
                    {
                        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
                        return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
                    }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace characters with multiple characters.
                 *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
                 *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
                 *  @param n2  Number of characters to insert.
                 *  @param c  Character to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
                 *  In place, @a n2 copies of @a c are inserted.  If @a pos is beyond
                 *  end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result
                 *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
                 *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
                    { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
                            _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string.
                 *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
                 *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
                 *  @param str  String value to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the value of
                 *  @a str is inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
                 *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
                 *  an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
                    { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C substring.
                 *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
                 *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
                 *  @param s  C string value to insert.
                 *  @param n  Number of characters from s to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the first @a
                 *  n characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
                 *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
                 *  change if an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
                    }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C string.
                 *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
                 *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
                 *  @param s  C string value to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the
                 *  characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
                 *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
                 *  change if an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
                    {
                        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
                        return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
                    }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace range of characters with multiple characters
                 *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
                 *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
                 *  @param n  Number of characters to insert.
                 *  @param c  Character to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, @a n copies
                 *  of @a c are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
                 *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
                 *  an error is thrown.
                 */
                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
                    }

                /**
                 *  @brief  Replace range of characters with range.
                 *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
                 *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
                 *  @param k1  Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
                 *  @param k2  Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
                 *  @return  Reference to this string.
                 *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
                 *
                 *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, characters
                 *  in the range [k1,k2) are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
                 *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
                 *  change if an error is thrown.
                 */
                template<class _InputIterator>
                    basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
                            _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
                        typedef typename _Is_integer<_InputIterator>::_Integral _Integral;
                        return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
                    }

                // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
                // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
                        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
                                __k1, __k2 - __k1);
                    }

                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
                            const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
                        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
                                __k1, __k2 - __k1);
                    }

                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
                        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
                                __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
                    }

                basic_string&
                    replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
                            const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
                    {
                        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
                                && __i2 <= _M_iend());
                        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
                        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
                                __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
                    }

            private:
                template<class _Integer>
                    basic_string&
                    _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
                            _Integer __val, __true_type)
                    { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }

                template<class _InputIterator>
                    basic_string&
                    _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
                            _InputIterator __k2, __false_type);

                basic_string&
                    _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
                            _CharT __c)
                    {
                        if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
                            __throw_length_error(__N("basic_string::_M_replace_aux"));
                        _M_mutate(__pos1, __n1, __n2);
                        if (__n2 == 1)
                            _M_data()[__pos1] = __c;
                        else if (__n2)
                            traits_type::assign(_M_data() + __pos1, __n2, __c);
                        return *this;
                    }

                basic_string&
                    _M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
                            size_type __n2)
                    {
                        _M_mutate(__pos1, __n1, __n2);
                        if (__n2 == 1)
                            _M_data()[__pos1] = *__s;
                        else if (__n2)
                            traits_type::copy(_M_data() + __pos1, __s, __n2);
                        return *this;
                    }

                // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
                // requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
                template<class _InIterator>
                    static _CharT*