install

math library from gnu

GSL - GNU Scientific Library
============================

Installation Instructions
=========================

GSL follows the standard GNU installation procedure.  To compile GSL
you will need an ANSI C-compiler.  After unpacking the distribution
the Makefiles can be prepared using the configure command,

  ./configure

You can then build the library by typing,

  make

Both static and shared versions of the libraries will be compiled by
default.  Compilation of shared libraries can be turned off by
specifying the `--disable-shared' option to `configure', e.g.
  
  ./configure --disable-shared

If you encounter problems building the library try using the above
option, because some platforms do not support shared libraries.  If
you change any compilation options you will need to remove any
existing compiled files with,

  make clean

before running "make" again, so the new settings take effect.

For notes about problems with specific platforms and compilers see the
next section of this file (below).

An extensive test suite is available.  After compiling the library
with "make", it can be invoked with "make check" at the top level.
The test output should be directed to a file rather than a terminal,
with the command,

   make check > log 2>&1

to allow any errors to be examined in detail.  By default, only test
failures are shown.  To see the complete output, set the environment
variable GSL_TEST_VERBOSE=1.

If you run the tests and get some failures, please see the notes on
platform specific problems below.  If you find failures that are not
mentioned, please report them to [e-mail].

The library can be installed using the command,

  make install

The default installation directory prefix is /usr/local.  Installing
in this directory will require root privileges on most systems (use
"su" or "sudo").

The installation directory can be changed with the --prefix option to
configure.  Consult the "Further Information" section below for
instructions on installing the library in another location or changing
other default compilation options.

                    ------------------------------

Platform Specific Compilation Notes
===================================

This section documents any known issues with installing GSL on
specific platforms.

  * General hints for all platforms
  * AIX
  * Compaq/DEC Alpha
  * HP-UX
  * IRIX
  * MacOS X / PowerPC
  * Microsoft Windows
  * OpenBSD
  * OS/2
  * Solaris

Hints for any platform
======================

1) If there are problems building the library try using

        ./configure --disable-shared

This will turn off the compilation of shared libraries and may allow
the build process to complete successfully.  

If you get any problems try this first.

2) If you want to pass C++ functions with exceptions to GSL, the
library needs to be compiled with the GCC option -fexceptions

    ./confugire CFLAGS="-fexceptions ..."

to allow C++ exceptions to be handled.

3) With gcc-4.3.2 the tests in the poly/ directory fail due to a
compiler optimization bug which is fixed in later versions of GCC
(http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=38478).

FAIL: y.real, gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval ({-2.31 + 0.44i, 4.21 - 3.19i, 0.93 + 1.04i, -0.42 + 0.68i}, 0.49 + 0.95i) (-1.68450788000000018 observed vs 1.82462012000000007 expected) [9]
FAIL: y.imag, gsl_complex_poly_complex_eval ({-2.31 + 0.44i, 4.21 - 3.19i, 0.93 + 1.04i, -0.42 + 0.68i}, 0.49 + 0.95i) (-0.30943988 observed vs 2.30389411999999982 expected) [10]

With gcc-2.95/2.96 the tests fail in the eigen/ directory.  This is
due to a compiler optimization bug which causes errors in the
manipulation of complex numbers.  

If you encounter these problems, install a different version of gcc.

4) Attempts to run 'strip' on the static library libgsl.a will probably
produce a broken library (it is known to happen with GNU binutils
strip, and probably affects others too). The libgsl.a ar archive made
by libtool contains files with the same filenames from different
directories, and this causes the strip program to overwrite these
archive entries.  If you need to produce a compact version of the
library compile without -g instead of using strip.

make install-strip does not work, due to a minor problem with autoconf
which is fixed in the 2.5 development version of autoconf.  In the
meantime compile without -g instead if you need to reduce the file size.

5) The configure script can fail with a segmentation fault on bash-2.01

    $ ./configure
    Segmentation fault

This is due to a bug in bash, related to the MAIL environment
variable.  To work around it use 

    $ unset ENV MAIL MAILPATH
    $ ./configure

which should avoid the problem.

Hints for AIX
=============

For compilation problems with the native compiler xlc, try disabling
shared libraries,

    setenv CC 'xlc'
    setenv CFLAGS '-O -qmaxmem=8192'
    ./configure --disable-shared
    make

If you compile with higher optimisation -O3 you will also need
-qstrict.  The -O3 flag causes the -nostrict option to be
enabled. This affects the accuracy of the results and causes some of
the tests to fail.

If you get the error,

   ld: 0711-781 ERROR: TOC overflow. 

you can try building the library with a larger linker
table-of-contents by setting LDFLAGS before compilation,

   ./configure LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bbigtoc" 

On older versions of AIX (e.g. 4.2) the size of the command-line is
limited to 24kb, which causes linking to fail (due to the large number
of files to be linked). Unfortunately this limit cannot be increased.
To link the library you may need to use a manual approach of
incrementally combining the object files in smaller groups. 

On more recent versions of AIX (e.g >= 5.1) use

  chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=NNN

to increase the allowed number of arguments. NNN is the amount of
space measured in 4k blocks (default 6, maximum 1024)

If compiling with GCC the following error

  fp-aix.c: In function `gsl_ieee_set_mode':
  fp-aix.c:30: error: `fprnd_t' undeclared (first use in this function)

can occur if /usr/includes/float.h is not used, and instead the
float.h of the installed gcc is picked up instead -- it may be missing
the necessary structs.  To work around it copy the missing parts
(between #ifdef _ALL_SOURCE and its #endif) from /usr/includes/float.h
into a new header file and #include that in fp-aix.c

Hints for Compaq/DEC Alpha
==========================

When comping with GCC use the -mieee and -mfp-rounding-mode options 
as appropriate, e.g.

    ./configure CFLAGS="-mieee -mfp-rounding-mode=d -g -O2"

The library should compile successfully with Compaq's C compiler on
Tru64 Unix 'cc' using the -std, -ieee and -fprm options.  Use

    ./configure CC=cc 
    make CFLAGS="-std -ieee -fprm d"

to build the library this way.

Use GNU tar to unpack the tar file, as Tru64 tar gives an error
halfway through.

Hints for HP-UX
===============

The default mode of the HP-UX C compiler does not use ANSI C.

To compile GSL you need to select ANSI C mode with the following
configuration option:

      ./configure CFLAGS="-Ae"  

To switch on optimization use CFLAGS="-Ae -O".

Hints for IRIX (SGI)
====================

The library should be compiled with the CFLAGS option
-OPT:IEEE_NaN_inf=ON to ensure correct IEEE arithmetic.  The tests in
sys/ will fail without this option.  The older deprecated option
-OPT:IEEE_comparisons=ON will also work.

The 32 bit IRIX compiler gives warnings about "long double" not being
supported. These can be ignored or turned off with,

   ./configure CFLAGS="-woff 728" 

or 

   make CFLAGS="-woff 728"

The compiler also gives warnings about certain libraries that are "not
used for resolving any symbol". This is harmless and the warnings can
be ignored.

You may get warnings about " /usr/bin/ld: arg list too long" when
building shared libraries.  If so, try increasing the ncargs kernel
parameter with the systune(1m) command.

For 64-bit compilation use the following options,

  ./configure CC=cc CFLAGS="-64" LDFLAGS="-64" 

or for gcc

  CFLAGS="-mabi-64" LDFLAGS="-mabi=64 -mips4 -L/usr/local/lib/mabi=64"

Hints for MacOS X and PowerPC
=============================

To install in /usr/local on MacOS systems, do "sudo make install" to
gain root privileges.

Note that GSL contains files with filenames of 32 characters or more.
Therefore you need to be careful in unpacking the tar file, as some
MacOS applications such as Stuffit Expander will truncate filenames to
31 characters.  Using GNU tar and gunzip directly is the safe way to
unpack the distribution.

There are problems with dynamic linker, so the library should be
compiled with,

  ./configure --disable-shared