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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Manpage of jikes</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><H1>jikes</H1>Section: User Commands (1)<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A><A NAME="lbAB"> </A><H2>NAME</H2>jikes - java source to bytecode compiler<A NAME="lbAC"> </A><H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>jikes [<I>-options</I>] [<I>+options</I>] [<I>@files</I>]<BR> <I>file.java</I>...<P>Options, @files, and filenames may be intermixed. Individual optionsshould not be repeated, unless noted below.<P><A NAME="lbAD"> </A><H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><B>Jikes</B> translates Java(TM) source files to bytecode. Featuresinclude strict adherence to the language specification, automaticmakefile generation and incremental compilation. It is maintainedby the Jikes Project.<P>At this time, jikes only recognizes the full name of options; youcannot abbreviate or group them. You can give different argument typesin any order. Options are global, so they affect compilation of fileslisted earlier on the command line. Duplicated options override theprevious one, unless otherwise listed. If an option is listed in theform <B>+T=n</B>, it can also be specified as <B>+T n</B> or even<B>+Tn</B>.<P><A NAME="lbAE"> </A><H2>OPTIONS</H2><B>Jikes</B> may be invoked with the following command-line options:<P><DL COMPACT><DT><B>-bootclasspath</B> <I>path</I><DD><DT><B>--bootclasspath</B> <I>path</I><DD>Use path for the bootclasspath. This path is searched first forlibrary class files, and is usually set to <B>java/lib/classes.zip</B>or <B>java/jre/lib/rt.jar</B>. This defaults to an empty path.<P><DT><B>-classpath</B> <I>path</I><DD><DT><B>-cp</B> <I>path</I><DD><DT><B>--classpath</B> <I>path</I><DD>Use path for CLASSPATH. This path is searched for both user source andcompiled class files. This defaults to the current directory.<P><DT><B>-d</B> <I>directory</I><DD><DT><B>--target-directory</B> <I>directory</I><DD>Write class files in the specified directory. Note that this directory isNOT in your classpath unless you list it there as well. This defaultsto the current directory.<P><DT><B>-debug<DD>No effect (recognized for compatibility).<P><DT>-depend<DD><DT>--depend<DD><DT>-Xdepend<DD>Recompile all used classes.<P><DT>-deprecation<DD><DT>--deprecation<DD>Report uses of deprecated features.<P><DT>-encoding</B> <I>encoding</I><DD><DT><B>--encoding</B> <I>encoding</I><DD>Use specified encoding to read source files. This is not available insome builds, because it requires a working iconv or ICU encoder.<B>Note</B> that binary distributions for some platforms (such asWindows) do NOT include support for the encoding option, as thereis not an adequate transcoding library available on all platforms bydefault. You can tell if a binary has encoding support or not byrunning <I>jikes --help</I> and looking for the --encoding option:if it is not listed, then this binary does NOT include support forencoding. This defaults to a platform-dependent encoding (such asASCII).<P><DT><B>-extdirs</B> <I>path</I><DD><DT><B>--extdirs</B> <I>path</I><DD>Use path for extensions directories. This is typically set to grab jarand zip extension files located in <B>java/jre/lib/ext</B>. Thisdefaults to an empty path.<P><DT><B>-g<DD>Equivalent to -g:source,lines,vars</B>.<P><DT><B>-g:none</B>|{<B>source,lines,vars</B>}<DD>Specify which of three classfile debug options should be enabled. Ifthis is not specified, the default is<B>source,lines</B>. <B>source</B> stores the filename of the sourcefile in the class file, <B>lines</B> adds line number tracking to tiebytecodes to their location in the source file, and <B>vars</B> adds atable in the class file which stores the name of local variables andparameters, as well as their scope. This defaults to line and sourceinformation, but not vars.<P><DT><B>-help<DD><DT>--help<DD><DT>-h<DD><DT>-?<DD>Prints a helpful summary of options, then exit. Overrides all otheroptions, and nothing is compiled.<P><DT>-J</B>...<DD>No effect, since jikes is native code, and does not need a VirtualMachine (ignored for compatibility).<P><DT><B>-nowarn<DD><DT>--nowarn<DD><DT>-q<DD>Do not issue warning messages. For greater control over warningsand cautions, see the +Z option.<P><DT>-nowrite<DD><DT>--nowrite<DD>Do not write any class files, but list which ones would be written ifused with -verbose</B>.<P><DT><B>-O<DD><DT>--optimize<DD>Optimize the bytecode. Technically, this means jikes should inlineprivate and final methods where appropriate, but currently it doesnothing.<P><DT>-source</B> <I>release</I><DD><DT><B>--source</B> <I>release</I><DD>Specify which Java SDK release the source syntax obeys. For example,to treat the <I>assert</I> keyword as a normal identifier, you can use<B>-source 1.3</B>. Setting a lower target results in backwardcompatibility compilation of old source files. Valid releases are 1.3(Java Language Specification, 2nd edition), and 1.4 (addition of theassert statement, JSR 41). Plans are underway to eventually support1.5 (addition of generics: JSR 14; autoboxing, enhanced for-loop,static import, enums, and varargs: JSR 201; metadata: JSR 175; andupdated .class file format: JSR 202; ultimately the Java LanguageSpecification, 3rd edition). If not specified, this defaults to thevalid value closest to the one specified or defaulted for<B>-target</B> (typically 1.4).<P><DT><B>-sourcepath</B> path<DD><DT><B>--sourcepath</B> path<DD>Use path for specifying user "source only" directories. Class files inthis path are ignored unless listed in other paths. This defaults tothe empty path.<P><DT><B>-target</B> <I>release</I><DD><DT><B>--target</B> <I>release</I><DD>Specify which Java SDK release the bytecode should target. Forexample, exception chaining was introduced in the 1.4 release, so afailed class literal can chain the NoClassDefFoundError to itsoriginal ClassNotFoundException; while the behavior in the 1.3 releasesimply discards the original exception. To get the old behavior, youcan use <B>-target 1.3</B>. Setting a lower target results in forwardcompatibility to older virtual machines, and some source constructswill be compiled to less efficient workarounds in order to avoid knownvirtual machine bugs or deficiencies. However, a lower target mayoccaisionally produce incorrect semantic behavior. Furthermore, somelanguage features require virtual machine support, where there are noknown workarounds in earlier releases: the assert statement requires1.4 (unless you also use <B>-noassert</B>), and the planned additionof typesafe enumerations will require 1.5. The planned addition oftype parameterization (also known as generics) will work with 1.1.Valid releases are 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.4.2; plans are underwayto support 1.5. If not specified, this defaults to the valuespecified for <B>-source</B>, and if that is not specified, thisdefaults to 1.4.2.<P><DT><B>-verbose<DD><DT>--verbose<DD><DT>-v<DD>List files read and written. Also useful with -nowrite</B> for adry run to track dependencies.<P><DT><B>-version<DD><DT>--version<DD><DT>-V<DD>Print a version message, and contact information, then exit. Overridesall other options except --help</B>, and nothing is compiled.<P><DT><B>-Werror<DD>Equivalent to +Z2, provided for javac compatibility.<P><DT>-Xstdout<DD>Write error messages to standard output, not stderr. At the moment,this is incompatible with javac, which takes an argument as the nameof the file where it will direct compiler message output.<P><DT>-Xswitchcheck<DD>Synonym to +Pswitchcheck</B>. Warns about fallthrough switch cases.<P><DT><B>++<DD><DT>--incremental<DD>Compile in incremental mode. In this mode, jikes stays resident, andevery keypress of </B><I>Enter</I> will trigger a recompilation of everysource file rendered out-of-date by file modifications since thelast compilation phase. To exit this mode, type <I>q</I> then<I>Enter</I>.<P><DT><B>+a<DD><DT>--noassert<DD>Do not emit assert statements. This option is not recommended fordisabling asserts, because asserts are compiled to have minimaloverhead when disabled through the virtual machine. Rather, it isintended for reducing classfile size, and to allow the use of-target 1.3</B> or earlier virtual machine targets that do notsupport the assert statement.<P><DT><B>+B<DD><DT>--nobytecode<DD>Do not invoke bytecode generator. Perform semantic checks only.<P><DT>+D<DD><DT>--dump-errors<DD>Report errors immediately in emacs-form without buffering.<P><DT>+DR=</B><I>filename</I><DD>Write report of dependencies to specified file.<P><DT><B>+E<DD><DT>--emacs<DD>List errors in emacs-form.<P><DT>+F<DD><DT>--full-dependence<DD>Do full dependence check except for Zip and Jar files.<P><DT>+K</B><I>name</I><B>=</B><I>TypeKeyWord</I><DD>Map name to type keyword. Multiple options are needed to change morethan one type keyword.<P><DT><B>+M<DD><DT>--makefile<DD>Generate makefile dependencies.<P><DT>+OLDCSO<DD>Select to use same classpath search order as in older versions ofJikes (for compatibility).<P><DT>+P</B>[<I>group-name</I>]<DD>Pedantic compilation - issues lots of warnings.With no group name, thisturns on a default set of pedantic warnings which does not correspondto any of the named groups of warnings.Specifying a group name turns on or off that particular named group ofwarnings, depending on the presence of the <I>no-</I> prefix. Some namedgroups are enabled by default. These are marked as such in the outputof <B>jikes --help</B>.At present, the recognized group names are<B>effective-java</B>, which warns about the anti-patterns mentionedin Joshua Bloch's book "Effective Java";<B>modifier-order</B>, which warns about the recommended ordering ofmultiple modifiers;<B>redundant-modifiers</B>, which warns about explicitly mentioningan implied modifier;<B>serial</B>, which warns about serializable classes withoutserialVersionUID fields;<B>shadow</B>, which warns about shadowing and hiding of fields;<B>switchcheck</B>, whichwarns about fallthrough between cases of switch statements;<B>naming-convention</B>, which warns about names that violate Javanaming conventions;<B>unused-type-imports</B>, which warns about unused single-typeimport statements;and <B>unused-package-imports</B>, which warns about unused packageimport statements.In addition, the pseudo-group <B>all</B> stands for all named groupsof warnings, but not the anonymous group controlled by <B>+P</B>.Multiple <B>+P</B> options are cumulative in effect. Forexample, to get all pedantic warnings except modifier ordering, use<B>+P +Pall +Pno-modifier-order</B>. To get just warnings about redundantmodifiers, without other pedantic warnings, use<B>+Predundant-modifiers</B>.<P><DT><B>--pedantic<DD>Synonym for +P</B>, but does not accept flags.<P><DT><B>+T=</B><I>n</I><DD><DT><B>--tab=</B><I>n</I><DD>Set value of tab to <I>n</I> spaces. If not specified, the default is 8.<P><DT><B>+U<DD><DT>--unzip-dependence<DD>Do full dependence check including Zip and Jar files.<P><DT>+Z0<DD>Do not issue warning messages.<P><DT>+Z1<DD>Treat cautions as errors.<P><DT>+Z2<DD>Treat both warnings and cautions as errors.<P><DT>+Z<DD><DT>--zero-cautions<DD>Equivalent to +Z1</B> for compatibility with earlier versions of<B>Jikes</B>.<P></DL><P>An argument may have the form <I>@file</I>, which names a <I>file</I>holding additional command-line arguments. Each line in that file istreated as an argument, except that lines beginning with <I>@</I> arenot expanded recursively. Lines may optionally be quoted using eithersingle or double quotes. There are no escape characters (<I>'\'</I>is not treated as special).<P><A NAME="lbAF"> </A><H2>FILES</H2><B>Jikes</B> has several options related to classpath searching.The -bootclasspath, -extdirs, and -sourcepath options are the sameas in javac. In addition to being specified on the command line, theenvironment variables <B>BOOTCLASSPATH</B>, <B>EXTDIRS</B>, and<B>SOURCEPATH</B> may also be used to specify values for these options,respectively. <B>Jikes</B> also has the -classpath option as in javac,with the corresponding environment variable <B>CLASSPATH</B>. Theclasspath may also be specified in the environment variable<B>JIKESPATH</B>, although this use is discouraged. If <B>JIKESPATH</B>and <B>CLASSPATH</B> coexist, preference will be given to<B>JIKESPATH</B>. A value specified on the command line will be alwaysbe given preference over the value of any environment variable. Allthe directories and files specified in these options or environmentvariables must be in the platform path format (usually acolon-separated list, e.g., ".:$HOME/java/jre/lib/rt.jar").<P><A NAME="lbAG"> </A><H2>SEE ALSO</H2>Jikes Project homepage <I><A HREF="http://ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/">http://ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/jikes/</A></I>for news of recent developments, to download new versions, to reportbugs, or to learn how to participate in the development process.<P><A NAME="lbAH"> </A><H2>COPYRIGHT</H2>Copyright © 1996-2003, 2004 IBM Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.<P><P><B>Jikes</B> is licensed under the <I>IBM Public License</I>, includedin the file <I>license.htm</I> distributed with the program, and alsoavailable at the Jikes Project URL.Portions of <B>Jikes</B> are derived from prior, freely distributableprojects. For more details on this code, see the comments insrc/double.h, src/platform.h, and src/unzip.h.<P><A NAME="lbAI"> </A><H2>NOTES</H2>Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.<P><HR><A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2><DL><DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAF">FILES</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAG">SEE ALSO</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAH">COPYRIGHT</A><DD><DT><A HREF="#lbAI">NOTES</A><DD></DL><HR>This document was created by man2html, using the standard unix manualpages, then hacked on by cabbey to make the output standalone forwindows users.</BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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