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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>CONTENTS</TITLE></HEAD><BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#0000EE" VLINK="#551A8B" ALINK="#CE2910"><P><H1><FONT SIZE=9 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Perl 5</B></FONT></H1><H1><FONT COLOR="#FF0000"><B>by Example</B></FONT></H1><H3><I>by David Medinets</I></H3><HR WIDTH="100%"></P><H2 ALIGN=CENTER><FONT COLOR="#FF0000"><FONT SIZE=+3>C O N T E N T S<A NAME="CONTENTS"></A></FONT></FONT></H2><HR WIDTH="100%"></P><BR><BR><P><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>1</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Getting Your Feet Wet</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#Origins">Origins</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#SimilartoC">Similar to C?</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#CostandLicensing">Cost and Licensing</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#DoYouHavePerlInstalled">Do You Have Perl Installed?</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#GettingandInstallingPerl">Getting and Installing Perl</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#YourFirstPerlProgram">Your First Perl Program</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#CreatingtheProgram">Creating the Program</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#Invocation">Invocation</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#CommentsinYourProgram">Comments in Your Program</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch1.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>2</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Numeric and String Literals</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#NumericLiterals">Numeric Literals</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExampleNumbers">Example: Numbers</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#StringLiterals">String Literals</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExampleSingleQuotedStrings">Example: Single-Quoted Strings</A><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExampleDoubleQuotedStrings">Example: Double-Quoted Strings</A><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExampleBackQuotedStrings">Example: Back-Quoted Strings</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ArrayLiterals">Array Literals</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExamplePrintinganArray">Example: Printing an Array</A><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExampleNestingArrays">Example: Nesting Arrays</A><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ExampleUsingaRangeofValues">Example: Using a Range of Values</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch2.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>3</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Variables</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ScalarVariables">Scalar Variables</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleAssigningValuestoScalarVariables">Example: Assigning Values to Scalar Variables</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ChangingValuesinScalarVariables">Changing Values in Scalar Variables</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ArrayVariables">Array Variables</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleAssigningValuestoArrayVariables">Example: Assigning Values to Array Variables</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleUsingArrayElements">Example: Using Array Elements</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleUsingNegativeSubscripts">Example: Using Negative Subscripts</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleDeterminingtheNumberofElementsinanArray">Example: Determining the Number of Elements in an Array</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleHowtoGrabaSliceorPartofanArray">Example: How to Grab a Slice (or Part) of an Array</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#AssociativeArrayVariables">Associative Array Variables</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleAssigningValuestoAssociativeArrayVariables">Example: Assigning Values to Associative Array Variables</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#DoubleQuotedStringsRevisited">Double-Quoted Strings Revisited</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleVariableInterpolation">Example: Variable Interpolation</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ExampleUsingtheIquotISpecialVariable">Example: Using the <I>$"</I> Special Variable</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch3.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>4</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Operators</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#OperatorTypes">Operator Types</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheBinaryArithmeticOperators">The Binary Arithmetic Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleTheExponentiationOperator">Example: The Exponentiation Operator</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleTheModulusOperator">Example: The Modulus Operator</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheUnaryArithmeticOperators">The Unary Arithmetic Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleThePreiNCrementOperator">Example: The Pre-iNCrement Operator</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleThePredecrementOperator">Example: The Pre-decrement Operator</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleThePostiNCrementOperator">Example: The Post-iNCrement Operator</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheLogicalOperators">The Logical Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleThequotANDquotOperatorampamp">Example: The "AND" Operator (&&)</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleThequotORquotOperator">Example: The "OR" Operator (||)</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleThequotNOTquotOperator">Example: The "NOT" Operator (!)</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheBitwiseOperators">The Bitwise Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingtheampandOperators">Example: Using the &, |, and ^ Operators</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingthegtgtandltltOperators">Example: Using the >> and << Operators</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheNumericRelationalOperators">The Numeric Relational Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingtheltgtOperator">Example: Using the <=> Operator</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheStringRelationalOperators">The String Relational Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingthecmpOperator">Example: Using the cmp Operator</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheTernaryOperator">The Ternary Operator</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingtheTernaryOperatortoAssignValues">Example: Using the Ternary Operator to Assign Values</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheRangeOperator">The Range Operator (..)</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingtheRangeOperator">Example: Using the Range Operator</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheStringOperatorsandx">The String Operators (. and x)</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingtheCoNCatenationOperator">Example: Using the CoNCatenation Operator</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleUsingtheRepetitionOperator">Example: Using the Repetition Operator</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#TheAssignmentOperators">The Assignment Operators</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleAssignmentUsingArraySlices">Example: Assignment Using Array Slices</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleAssigninganArraytoScalarVariables">Example: Assigning an Array to Scalar Variables</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#OrderofPrecedeNCe">Order of PrecedeNCe</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ExampleOrderofPrecedeNCe">Example: Order of PrecedeNCe</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch4.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>5</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> FuNCtions</FONT></H2><UL><UL><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleUsingtheParameterArray">Example: Using the Parameter Array (@_)</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExamplePassingParametersbyRefereNCe">Example: Passing Parameters by RefereNCe</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleScopeofVariables">Example: Scope of Variables</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleUsingaListasaFuNCtionParameter">Example: Using a List as a FuNCtion Parameter</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleNestingFuNCtionCalls">Example: Nesting FuNCtion Calls</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleUsingaPrivateFuNCtion">Example: Using a Private FuNCtion</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#StringFuNCtions">String FuNCtions</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleChangingaStringsValue">Example: Changing a String's Value</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleSearchingaString">Example: Searching a String</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ArrayFuNCtions">Array FuNCtions</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExamplePrintinganAssociativeArray">Example: Printing an Associative Array</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ExampleCheckingtheExisteNCeofanElement">Example: Checking the ExisteNCe of an Element</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch5.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>6</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Statements</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#UnderstandingExpressions">Understanding Expressions</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#StatementBlocks">Statement Blocks</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#StatementBlocksandLocalVariables">Statement Blocks and Local Variables</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#StatementTypes">Statement Types</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#ExampleUsingtheifModifier">Example: Using the if Modifier</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#ExampleUsingtheunlessModifier">Example: Using the unless Modifier</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#ExampleUsingtheuntilModifier">Example: Using the until Modifier</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#ExampleUsingthewhileModifier">Example: Using the while Modifier</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch6.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>7</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Control Statements</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#DecisionStatements">Decision Statements</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleTheifStatement">Example: The if Statement</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#LoopStatements">Loop Statements</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleIWhileILoops">Example: <I>While</I> Loops</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleIUntilILoops">Example: <I>Until</I> Loops</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleIForILoops">Example: <I>For</I> Loops</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleIForeachILoops">Example: <I>Foreach</I> Loops</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#JumpKeywords">Jump Keywords</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleTheIlastIKeyword">Example: The <I>last</I> Keyword</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleTheInextIKeyword">Example: The <I>next</I> Keyword</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleTheIredoIKeyword">Example: The <I>redo</I> Keyword</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ExampleTheIgotoIKeyword">Example: The <I>goto</I> Keyword</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch7.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>8</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> RefereNCes</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#RefereNCeTypes">RefereNCe Types</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#ExamplePassingParameterstoFuNCtions">Example: Passing Parameters to FuNCtions</A><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#ExampleTherefFuNCtion">Example: The ref() FuNCtion</A><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#ExampleCreatingaDataRecord">Example: Creating a Data Record</A><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#ExampleInterpolatingFuNCtionsInsideDoubleQuotedStrings">Example: Interpolating FuNCtions Inside Double-Quoted Strings</A></UL><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#Summary">Summary</A><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#ReviewQuestions">Review Questions</A><LI><A HREF="ch8.htm#ReviewExercises">Review Exercises</A></UL><H2><I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>Chapter </FONT></I><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#FF0000>9</FONT><FONT SIZE=5> Using Files</FONT></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#SomeFilesAreStandard">Some Files Are Standard</A><UL><LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingSTDIN">Example: Using STDIN</A><LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingRedirectiontoChangeSTDINandSTDOUT">Example: Using Redirection to Change STDIN and STDOUT</A><LI><A HREF="ch9.htm#ExampleUsingtheDiamondOperatorltgt">⌨️ 快捷键说明
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