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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Josh's Linux Guide - Red Hat CD-ROM Installation</TITLE> <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Joshua Go"> <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="A Red Hat Linux CD-ROM Installation guide from the viewpoint of a beginner."> <META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="Red Hat, Linux, operating, system, installation"></HEAD><LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#7F007F"><H2><A NAME="0">Red Hat Linux Installation from the CD-ROM</A></H2><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>Last updated: May 2, 2000</B></FONT><BR><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>Development stage: Beta</B></FONT><P>This installation guide will help you get through the Red Hat LinuxCD-ROM installation; the CD-ROMs I order for Linux are from <AHREF="http://www.cheapbytes.com" TARGET="_top">CheapBytes</A>, forabout 2 dollars each (plus about 5 dollars for shipping and handling);what's on the CD-ROM is basically what you can download from Red HatFTP mirrors. You can also get those kinds of CD-ROMs from <AHREF="http://www.linuxcentral.com/" TARGET="_top">LinuxCentral</A>. It seemed a little faster when Linux Central sent meCD-ROMs. If you want to go with the official Red Hat set, this guidestill works.</P><P>This installation guide is based on my experience in installing RedHat Linux 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2 from the CD-ROM. I'm assuming that youhave a PC with a 386 or higher processor, and that you are installingthis from a CD-ROM. Use common sense and adjust whatever settingsyou feel may be necessary; I just tell the reader to do stuff so theinstallation will go faster and be less confusing.</P><OL><LI><A HREF="#start">Getting Started</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#createbootdisk">Create a Bootdisk</A> <LI><A HREF="#backup">Backup</A> </UL><LI><A HREF="#installing">Installing</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#partitioning">Partitioning</A> <LI><A HREF="#partitionsize">Partition Size</A> <LI><A HREF="#tagpartitions">Tag Partitions</A> <LI><A HREF="#splitdrive">Splitting Your Hard Drive</A> <LI><A HREF="#softwareinstall">Software Installation</A> <LI><A HREF="#lilo">Install LILO, the Bootloader</A> </UL><LI><A HREF="#startlinux">Starting Linux</A><LI><A HREF="#jumpingpoints">Jumping Points</A><LI><A HREF="#notes">Author's Notes</A><LI><A HREF="#comments">Comments</A><LI><A HREF="#summary">Summary</A></OL><A NAME="start"></A><H3><A NAME="1">Getting Started</A></H3><P>Take a few deep breaths, and brace yourself. The first time around,this could be very daunting. But the end result will be well worthit.</P><A NAME="createbootdisk"></A><H4><A NAME="2">Create a Bootdisk</A></H4><P>You will not have to create a bootdisk if you have the CD-ROM thesedays with a newer computer. Just go into your BIOS as your computerstarts up and make it look at the CD-ROM drive first. With your CD-ROMin the drive, it should take you directly to installation, so you canskip the rest of this bootdisk creation section. Having a bootableCD-ROM just makes things so much easier.</P><P>Go to the DOS prompt and insert a 1.44 megabyte floppy into your a:drive. From the CD-ROM prompt (drive D I'll assume... you know whatdrive it is), go to the directory where the DOS Utilities are(\DOSUTILS). Type <TT>rawrite -f \images\boot.img -d a:</TT>. Thesource file should be a file called <TT>boot.img</TT> in the<TT>\images</TT> directory (so you would type in"\images\boot.img" as the target) and the target should beyour a: drive (type "a:")." After you do this, set the disk aside touse later.</P><P>If you have the official Red Hat Linux distribution, the bootdiskshould already have been made for you. This is how to create abootdisk in case those disks are damaged. If you have the CheapBytesversion, the top would have helped you.</P><P>You don't have to use a bootdisk to get into the installationprogram if you're using DOS without Windows running. You can just type<TT>autoboot</TT> from the \DOSUTILS\ directory. These days, you canboot from the CD-ROM as well; just go into your BIOS and make it lookat the CD-ROM first in the boot sequence.</P><A NAME="backup"></A><H4><A NAME="3">Backup</A></H4><P>If you want to retain your old DOS/Windows system data, create aDOS system disk. Take another floppy that is new or that you don'tneed, and at the DOS prompt, type <TT>format a: /s</TT>. After you'redone formatting, look for the files <TT>FDISK.EXE</TT> and<TT>FORMAT.COM</TT> in a directory with all the DOS programs. Copythose files to the DOS system disk you just created.</P><P>Make sure you backed up all the programs that you want to keep.<B>Defragment your hard drive in Windows or DOS so you can split it up(aka resize).</B> It is best to reformat and reinstall your Windowscompletely, actually, because if you only resize your partition,Windows will think it was its previous size when you actually shrunkthe partition.</P><A NAME="installing"></A><H3><A NAME="4">Installing</A></H3><P>If you created a bootdisk, put it in your floppy drive; otherwise,just put the CD-ROM in there so Red Hat installation can boot off theCD-ROM. It will display a message: <TT>LILO boot: </TT>. Leave italone (or type 'linux'), and it will start up the installationprogram.</P><A NAME="partitioning"></A><H4><A NAME="5">Partitioning</A></H4><P>When you get to the point where it asks you about the partitionsand swap space for Linux, select <I>Edit</I>. You might be asked ifyou want to use Disk Druid or fdisk. I prefer <B>fdisk</B> so that iswhat I will explain. You can use the information about <B>fdisk</B>to use Disk Druid as well.</P><P>Once you're in the fdisk program, print out your partitioninformation (p). Looking at the index of commands also helps greatly(m). If you want to resize your Windows/DOS partition to make room forLinux, delete (d) it first and then re-create it with a smaller size(taking up less cylinders). If you want to wipe it out altogether, youcan just delete the whole thing and give Linux more space. Remember toleave room for the swap space. Remember to tag ("t") yourDOS partition (number 6).</P><P>For the swap space, create an extended partition out of the roomleft over on the hard drive after deciding how much to give to Linuxand how much to give to Windows. After that, create a logicalpartition (partition number 5) that takes up the same cylinders as theextended partition. Then tag (t) it as Linux swap (number 82).</P><P>After creating all the partitions, you should print out yourpartition table. See if it looks okay. If not, go back and resize thepartitions or tag the partitions as what they're supposed to be.</P><A NAME="partitionsize"></A><H4><A NAME="6">Partition Size</A></H4><P>You can set aside space for Linux partitions as big as you want; ifyou have the room, give it a gigabyte (a very comfortable installationwill work with 500 megs but extra space is recommended in case youwant to download a bunch of stuff). Leave the remaining partitions forDOS (which you've already created) and the Linux swap space (whichshould be at least twice the amount of RAM that you have). If Linux isgoing to be your main operating system, consider giving it moregenerous portions (4-5 gigs perhaps).</P><P>The way I personally have it set up right now, I have an 8.4gigabyte drive, entirely dedicated to Linux. I have a 2 gigabytepartition (<TT>/</TT>), another 2 gigabyte partition (for<TT>/home/</TT>), and a 4 gigabyte partition (for <TT>/usr/</TT>). <AHREF="mailto:vox@the-vox.com">Luis Garza</A> (known as the ever-peppy<I>The_Vox</I> on the Undernet #LinuxHelp) recommends giving a 20megabyte boot partition (to later be <TT>/boot/</TT> on your Linuxfilesystem) at the very beginning of the drive.</P><P>Next make an extended partition, and then make another partition<I>within</I> the extended partition, called a <B>logicalpartition</B>. The logical partition should be partition number 5 orabove, no matter whether you already have 4 partitions made before itor not. The number of cylinders is proportional to how much space youhave on your hard drive, so if you want to give half of the drive toLinux, then use half the number of total cylinders when makingpartitions. You'll probably want to use all the cylinders left on thehard drive when making these last two partitions.</P><A NAME="tagpartitions"></A><H4><A NAME="7">Tag Partitions</A></H4><P>After this, tag the partitions; the primary partition should be taggedas "Linux native". The other partitions should be tagged asLinux swap space. Try to stay organized by tagging the partitions as soonas you make them (except for the extended; you <B>have</B> to create alogical partition within the extended partition or else the partitioningprogram will give you an error about having to delete it); otherwise, justprint the partition table by typing 'p' from the main Linux partitioningprogram (fdisk), which will print out the information about the partitions⌨️ 快捷键说明
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