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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>About GNU/Linux and Josh's GNU/Linux Guide</TITLE> <META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="Josh, Go, Linux, guide, about"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="The history of Linux and also about Josh's GNU/Linux Guide."></HEAD><LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#7F007F"><H2><A NAME="0">About GNU/Linux and Josh's Linux Guide</A></H2><UL><LI><A HREF="#linux">GNU/Linux</A></LI><LI><A HREF="#guide">Josh's GNU/Linux Guide</A></LI></UL><HR><A NAME="linux"></A><H3><A NAME="1">About GNU/Linux</A></H3><P>GNU/Linux is a free operating system very much like UNIX, an operatingsystem developed for multiple users on supercomputers in the late '70s.Inspired by an earlier UNIX-like operating system called Minix, Linux wasdeveloped by a University of Helsinki (in Finland) student by the name ofLinus Torvalds (he now lives in California's Silicon Valley which is whereI live also... this came in handy when I got to see him in real life whenhe spoke for the <A HREF="http://www.svlug.org/" TARGET="_top">SiliconValley Linux Users Group</A>). Linus began work on it in late 1991 andalong with the help of thousands of programmers the world over, it iscontinually being developed up to now. The portion that Linus isresponsible for is putting together the system kernel, not userapplications.</P><P>Although UNIX (and other operating systems derived from it) are usuallythought of as servers, there are countless client applications, most ofthem easily interchangeable between different Unix platforms. There areeven Windows/Mac emulators that are available and/or currently indevelopment that will let the user run programs for those platforms.</P><P>GNU/Linux is known as a hacker's operating system due to its non-commercial development method. Source code for programs is made available so that patches to the code itself as well as bug reports may be sent to the author or maintainer of the software. (The reason I refer to it as GNU/Linux instead of simply "Linux" is because the Linux kernel itself makes up only a tiny portion of the operating system. Software written by the <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org">GNU Project</A> makes up a significant portion but are often overshadowed by the Linux kernel.)</P><P>Co-existing with other operating systems is not a problem for GNU/Linux. It is easily set up on computers that already have Microsoft Windows 95, OS/2, Microsoft Windows NT, other implementations of Unix, and most others. In fact, it is very common for people to have Microsoft Windows and GNU/Linux on the same computer. Linux supports all major filesystem types as well as some lesser known ones.</P><P>Many programmers use UNIX-like operating systems to write theirsoftware, and Linux is no exception. There are free compilers that arebundled with most standard Linux distributions such as GCC and G++, thestandard C and C++ compilers, respectively. All one has to do to installthese is enable installing development packages in the distribution'sinstallation program. Sun Microsystem's Java Development Kit (JDK) is alsoavailable for GNU/Linux. It is no wonder GNU/Linux is the choice platform of developmentfor many programmers.</P><P>The graphical user interface that comes with many Linux distributions is called the Xwindowing system (most people just call it X). It's used by people who rungraphical programs such as Netscape Navigator or people who don't liketyping in commands at a command prompt. The look of the windows(titlebars, menu, borders, etc.) are highly configurable and are handledby software packages called <A HREF="http://www.plig.org/xwinman/"TARGET="_top">window managers</A>.</P><P>Networking support is already quite mature under Linux. The main protocol Linux is used for is TCP/IP. A GNU/Linux box can be set up as a firewall, a gateway, a webserver, a mail server, any combination of these, and many other things that I will not be able to list because I want to live my life. The average user who doesn't want to run their GNU/Linux box as a server can just as easily set up a dialup PPP connection to his ISP.</P><P>Printing under Linux has been achieved by many of its users, most of which are former Microsoft Windows users. Dot matrix, inkjet, and laserjet are supported through printer drivers and filters. A warning for those of you who have yet to buy a printer for Linux: Do <B>NOT</B> buy a printer that says "Exclusively for Windows" if you intend to use it for Linux!</P><A NAME="guide"></A><H3><A NAME="2">Josh's GNU/Linux Guide: A Brief History</A></H3><P>I started writing this GNU/Linux guide around January of 1997. The guidewas originally called "Josh's Linux Page", and not surprisingly,started out as a single page. The first section was a guide on how toinstall the CD-ROM distribution of Red Hat Linux 4.0, my first Linuxdistribution. The inspiration that started the guide was frustrationduring my first attempted installation. The motivation that keeps thisguide growing is the reader feedback received, which in my opinion is afairly large amount (more than 3 messages a day, for me, is a fairly largeamount).</P><P>Ironically, when this guide was first being written, I was writing itunder Windows 95. I had to work with a 386 at that time, so I couldn'tview the contents in Netscape under Linux (mostly because it took about 10minutes for Netscape 3 to start up).</P><P>I use <B>vim</B> for this site. I used to use <B>pico</B> just because ithad automatic paragraph wrapping, but I found that I liked the pretty colors of<B>vim</B>'s syntax highlighting enough to ditch <B>pico</B>.</P><P>This guide is <A HREF="mirrors.html">mirrored</A> in case the mainserver might be down. I also keep multiple copies of this guide around sothat in case one server crashes, I can just get the copies off of anotherserver.</P><P>This GNU/Linux guide is intended for beginners, but some of the moreadvanced users may learn a few things in my attempt at successful exchangeof information.</P><HR><P>Comments, questions, suggestions, <B>corrections</B>? Send 'em to <AHREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">jgo@local.net</A>. You can also use the<A HREF="guestbook.html">guestbook</A> or <A HREF="help.html">helpform</A>.</P><HR><P><B><FONT SIZE="-1">Copyright © 1997-1999 <AHREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">Joshua Go (jgo@local.net)</A>. Allrights reserved. Permission to use, distribute, and copy this document ishereby granted. You may modify this document as long as credit to me isgiven.</FONT></B></P></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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