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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Josh's Linux Guide - Red Hat Hard Drive Installation</TITLE> <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Joshua Go"> <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="A Red Hat Linux guide page from the viewpoint of a beginner."> <META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="Red Hat, Linux, hard drive, FTP, install"><BASE TARGET="_top"></HEAD><LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#7F007F"><H2><A NAME="0">Red Hat Hard Drive Installation</A></H2><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>Last updated: November 23, 1998</B></FONT><BR><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>Development stage: Alpha</B></FONT><P>To prevent any confusion, this is when you download the required filesthrough FTP to your hard drive. This will also work if you copied thecontents of the CD-ROM to your hard drive for reasons such as unsupportedCD-ROM type. Just remember, if you're copying from CD-ROM, don't downloadwhat you already have.</P><P>If it's not too inconvenient, I would suggest buying a CD-ROM from <AHREF="http://www.cheapbytes.com">CheapBytes</A> or <AHREF="http://www.lsl.com">Linux System Labs</A> to save you much troublein downloading.</P><H3><A NAME="1">Download It</A></H3><P>The first thing you do is make sure you have at least 500 megs free onyour hard drive so that you can download the tree (the files you need inorder to install Red Hat Linux) and so you can split it up. Before youplay with partitioning, be sure to defragment the DOS partition thatyou're going to split so that all your data is at the beginning of thehard drive and you don`t lose anything in the process of resizing. Afteryou've done that, find a site with the Red Hat distribution. Below is alist of fast ones that I've used myself.</P><P>The username is 'anonymous' or 'ftp', and the password is usuallywhatever you want it to be. Some FTP sites will only let you in if you useyour e-mail address as the password, like you should be doing.</P><UL><LI><A HREF="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/redhat/current">sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/redhat/current</A></LI><LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/linux/distributions/redhat/">ftp.cc.gatech.edu/pub/linux/distributions/redhat/current</A></LI></UL><P>When downloading, the first thing you have to do is create a treestructure like this example. (unless your FTP program creates all thesubdirectories for you; I heard WS_FTP does it)</P><PRE>C:\REDHAT\ |----> RedHat - a subdirectory of C:\RedHat\, so it'll be C:\RedHat\RedHat |----> RPMS -- binary packages - important |----> base -- small filesystem setup archives - important |----> instimage -- image used for graphical installs |----> images -- boot and ramdisk images - download to follow this guide |----> dosutils -- installation utilities for DOS - download to follow this guide |----> doc -- various FAQs and HOWTOs |----> misc -- source files, install trees |----> COPYING -- copyright information |----> RPM-PGP-KEY -- PGP signature for packages from Red Hat |----> SRPMS -- Source RPMS for Red Hat distribution (not really needed unless you want to build RPMs)</PRE><P>Make sure that you have all the files in "RPMS" and"base". If you miss one critical package, you could potentiallymess up your installation. However, some large packages you probably won'tneed immediately are TeX, LaTeX, and Emacs. Those are pretty largepackages that I haven't found much use for. You can download them later,though, if you need them.</P><P>You don't need to get the SRPMS directory. In fact, according to <AHREF="mailto:alcala@jps.net">Matt Alcala</A> all you need for a successfulinstallation is the "RPMS" directory and the "base" directory. Also get the stuff in the "images" directory.</P><H4><A NAME="2">Backup?</A></H4><P>I suggest you do not take chances and backup your system before youattempt to install it (if you have the ability and hardware to do so).</P><P>If you can't do a backup, at least defragment your DOS/Windowspartition so you can repartition your hard drive later.</P><P>Of course, if you want to rid your system of Microsoft altogether, youcan just delete your DOS/Windows partition.</P><H3><A NAME="3">Getting Into Red Hat Installation</A></H3><P>After downloading it all, either get the boot image (it should be<TT>C:\RedHat\images\BOOT.IMG</TT>) or Autoboot (<TT>AUTOBOOT.BAT</TT>). Some prefer Autoboot because it boots from MS-DOS mode and runs Red Hatsetup in a snap. If you get the bootdisk, get RAWRITE.EXE (in the DOSUTILSdirectory on the FTP server) also and "rawrite" it to aformatted floppy disk. Make sure you have the supplementary image(<TT>C:\RedHat\images\SUPP.IMG</TT> (so you can put in the supplementarydisk when Red Hat Installation asks for it) and rawrite that to anotherformatted floppy. Set those aside for later.</P><P>When you're using RAWRITE, it will ask you to specify the source andtarget. The source should be whatever .IMG file you're trying to write tothe disk, and the target should usually be A:, or whatever your floppydrive is.</P><P>Reboot with the bootdisk that has the image <TT>BOOT.IMG</TT> on it. This will take you to Red Hat's installation program. Once you're in there,it will ask at some point to insert the supplementary disk (the one with<TT>SUPP.IMG</TT> on it). Insert the supplementary disk and you're readyto go.</P><H3><A NAME="4">Creating, Deleting, and Re-creating Your Partitions</A></H3><P>Next, you have to repartition your hard drive. It's possible to installLinux on a second hard drive; just pick which one. The devices are asfollows:</P><UL><LI>/dev/hda is the device on the primary master</LI><LI>/dev/hdb is the device on the primary slave</LI><LI>/dev/hdc is the device on the secondary master</LI><LI>/dev/hdd is the device on the seconary slave</LI></UL><P>When there are partitions on the hard drive that you choose, the devicewill be followed by a number according to its partition number. Forexample, if you have a partition on your secondary master hard drive, itmight be <TT>/dev/hdb2</TT> if it's the second partition.</P><H4><A NAME="5">Linux "fdisk"</A></H4><P>In Red Hat install, when it gives you the option of using either DiskDruid or fdisk, choose what you want (I like fdisk) and do thefollowing:</P><OL><LI>Make a primary partition (n).</LI><LI>Tag it as Linux native (t).</LI><LI>Make an extended partition (n).</LI><LI>Make a logical partition (n) and tag it as Linux swap (t).</LI></OL><P>The extended partition is there so that the logical partition canoverwrite it and exist within it. The number of blocks you specifydetermines how many megabytes that the partition will take up. If you wantto use space from an already existing DOS FAT partition, you should removethe existing partition first and then make another one, then tag it as"DOS 16-bit > 32", in most cases. However, make sure the DOSpartition was defragmented before you repartition. Primary partitionsshould be numbers 1-4, as well as your extended partition. The logicalpartition, though it takes up the same cylinders as your extendedpartition, can only exist as partition number 5 and above.</P><H4><A NAME="6">Using the Partitioning Program</A></H4><P>The "fdisk" should present you with a menu if you press 'm'upon starting them. Among the most useful commands to me are thefollowing:</P><UL><LI><B>Print partition table (p)</B> - This will display informationabout what partitions you have. It's not necessarily what is alreadywritten to the partition table, it's what it is configured to writeto the partition table upon exit with writing (w).</LI><LI><B>Write table to disk and exit (w)</B> - This will write the changesthat you've made to your hard drive. When you changed the settings, theydidn't really change the partition layout of the hard drive as soon as youmade the changes. It just set it up for when you use this option to changeyour partitions.</LI><LI><B>Add a new partition (n)</B> - What this does should be prettyself-evident. However, you might have to delete a partition that's takingup the entire hard drive first, then re-create it.</LI><LI><B>Delete a partition (d)</B> - Use this to delete partitions that arealready existing in order to make room for a Linux partition, or to deletepartitions that you created by accident.</LI><LI><B>Tag a partition (t)</B> - Also known as changing a partition'ssystem ID, using this on a Linux partition will get it to be recognized.You MUST use this after the Linux partition is created, or else it won'tbe recognized.</LI><LI><B>List known partition types (l)</B> - To be used with tagging a partition. This is so that operating systems will know what kind ofpartitions are on the hard drive. This helped me to figure out whatnumber to use to tag my Linux partition as, and also my Linux swappartition.</LI></UL><P>All you have to do is re-create your DOS partition with a differentsize to leave room for Linux, create a primary partition, tag it as Linuxnative (83), create an extended partition (numbers 1-4), create a logicalpartition (partition number 5 and up), and then tag the logical partitionas swapa (82).</P><P>When you're in installation, it will mention cylinders. The number ofcylinders is proportional to the capacity of your hard drive. In otherwords, if you have a 2.5 gig hard drive that has 620 cylinders, 310cylinders is equal to somewhere between 1.2 and 1.3 gigs. To find out howmany bytes a cylinder is on your hard drive, divide the number ofbytes there are (2,500,000,000 in my case) by the number of cylinders(620). The result for me would be about 4,032,258 bytes, or around 4megabytes a cylinder.</P> <H3><A NAME="7">Install Software Packages</A></H3><P>After putting a new partition layout on your hard drive, Red Hatinstallation now leads you up to installing the software that will comewith your system. If you've got the room, go ahead and do a fullinstallation. The process is pretty straightforward, and all you do ispress [Enter] a few times and all the packages you select will beinstalled.</P><P>If you want to compile programs yourself (or get into programmingsometime), be sure to install the development packages. I would alsosuggest installing the networking packages. It's safe to install all thepackages, but if you're short on hard drive space just choose the packagesthat you don't think you'll need, and if you need them later, you caninstall them separately. For now don't worry about it.</P><H3><A NAME="8">Install LILO, the Linux Loader</A></H3><P>Make sure you install LILO, the bootloader, unless you really know whatyou're doing and/or already have another bootloader that you know can loadLinux. If you don't install LILO, make sure you have <TT>LOADLIN.EXE</TT>somewhere, and the Linux kernel (a file called <B>vmlinuz</B> usually)which you can get from a friend who might already be using Linux. You canlater use LOADLIN with the kernel you have on your Linux system, whichshould be copied onto your DOS/FAT partition so that you can load it withLOADLIN.</P><H3><A NAME="9">Reboot</A></H3><P>When Red Hat installation is finished, reboot without the floppies inthe drive. It will show a prompt:</P><PRE>LILO boot:</PRE><P>That's where you type 'linux' (or Linux, or LiNUX.. it's not casesensitive). When it shows a login prompt, type 'root' as the username andfor the password, type in what you set the password as in Red Hatinstallation.</P><P>Your Linux struggle begins. Prove yourself worthy. Read other portionsof this guide. :-)</P><H3><A NAME="10">Jumping Points</A></H3><P>If you don't know what to do now, there's plenty! You can get yourgraphical interface set up, you can get connected to the Internet, andlearn some Linux commands. And that's just the beginning. There are morepages in this guide to keep you occupied for a while. :-)</P><OL><LI><A HREF="linux-mount.html">Accessing Your Floppy Drive, CD-ROM Drive, and Other Partitions</A></LI><LI><A HREF="linux-X-config.html">Configuring X</A></LI><LI><A HREF="linux-software-install.html">Installing Software Packages</A></LI><LI><A HREF="linux-commands.html">Linux Commands</A></LI><LI><A HREF="linux-ppp.html">Setting Up a Dialup PPP Connection</A></LI></OL><P>You should also check for updates to Red Hat at <AHREF="http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/errata.html">http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/errata.html</A>.These should plug up security holes and fix bugs that might have been inthe software packages. To install these, read the quick guide on <AHREF="linux-rpm-usage.html">using RPM</A>.</P><HR><P>Send all feedback to <AHREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">jgo@local.net</A>. You can also use the<A HREF="help.html">help form</A> or <AHREF="guestbook.html">guestbook</A>.</P><HR><P><B><FONT SIZE="-1">Copyright © 1997-1998 <AHREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">Joshua Go (jgo@local.net)</A>. Allrights reserved. Permission to use, distribute, and copy this document ishereby granted. You may modify this document as long as credit to me isgiven.</FONT></B></P></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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