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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Josh's Linux Guide - Setting Up Sound</TITLE> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Linux, sound, Sound Blaster 16 PnP, setting up sound"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="A guide on how to get sound working in Linux."></HEAD><LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#7F007F"><H2><A NAME="0">Setting Up Sound</A></H2><B><FONT SIZE="-1">Created February 1, 1998</FONT></B><BR><B><FONT SIZE="-1">Last updated: December 11, 1999</FONT></B><BR><B><FONT SIZE="-1">Development stage: Beta</FONT></B><P>Personally, I do not have anything against a quiet computer, but the rest of the world seems to disagree with me. Eventually I succombed to the environment around me, and made the effort to get my sound working. It proved to be quite easily done.</P><P>I want to know what else you feel may be missing in the informationpresented here. An <A HREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">e-mail</A> is alwayswelcome and encouraged.</P><OL><LI><A HREF="#distrib">Check Your Distribution</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#distrib_redhat">Red Hat Linux Sound Configuration</A> <LI><A HREF="#distrib_turbo">TurboLinux Sound Configuration</A> <LI><A HREF="#distrib_slackware">Slackware Sound Configuration</A> <LI><A HREF="#distrib_other">Sound Configuration on Other Distributions</A> </UL><LI><A HREF="#kernelconfig">Configuring Your Kernel</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#menuconfig">Using "make menuconfig"?</A> <LI><A HREF="#soundcardconfig">Configuring the Soundcard and Other Stuff You Need</A> <LI><A HREF="#sysinfo">System Information</A> </UL><LI><A HREF="#recompile">Recompiling the Kernel</A><LI><A HREF="#diditwork">Did it Work?</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#pnp">PnP Cards and the Problems Associated with Them</A> </UL><LI><A HREF="#players">Sound Playing Programs</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#midi">MIDI</A> <LI><A HREF="#mp3">MP3</A> <LI><A HREF="#realaudio">RealAudio</A> <LI><A HREF="#wav">WAV</A> </UL><LI><A HREF="#comments">Comments</A> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#mutant">Mutant Soundcards</A></LI> </UL></OL><!-- This section started about Tue Jul 20 11:25:37 PDT 1999 --><A NAME="distrib"></A><H3><A NAME="1">Check Your Distribution</A></H3><P>You may already be capable of sound, especially if you have one ofthe newer distributions. Many distributions have sound modulesincluded on a defualt installation so that you won't have to recompilethe kernel. Chances are that your distribution does this, and if itdoes, you don't have to read the longer parts of this guide. Afteryou're done here, skip on down to <A HREF="#players">Sound PlayingPrograms</A>.</P><A NAME="distrib_redhat"></A><H4><A NAME="2">Red Hat Linux Sound Configuration</A></H4><P>If you have a recent version of the Red Hat Linux distribution, tryto run the <B><TT>sndconfig</TT></B> program (as root). It could askfor sound card settings such as the I/O base address, IRQ, DMA, and16-bit DMA. Be prepared to give them. It also calls <B>isapnptools</B>PnP card detection utility.</P><P>Try this command for any distribution closely related or, morecommonly, based, on Red Hat Linux. (Mandrake comes to mind.)</P><A NAME="distrib_turbo"></A><H4><A NAME="3">TurboLinux Sound Configuration</A></H4><P>TurboLinux users should use the <B><TT>turbosoundcfg</TT></B>utility. It could ask for sound card settings such as the I/O baseaddress, IRQ, DMA, and 16-bit DMA. Be prepared to give them. It alsocalls <B>isapnptools</B> PnP card detection utility.</P><P>I think <B>turbosoundcfg</B> was based on Red Hat's utilityanyway.</P><A NAME="distrib_slackware"></A><H4><A NAME="4">Slackware Sound Configuration</A></H4><P><A HREF="mailto:root@darkstar.frop.org">Jon Kax</A> writes:</P><PRE>My version is Slackware 3.6, updated, not to 4.0 but for hand so ituses most of the libs,etc that 4.0 uses.I use kernel 2.0.35 because i have no need in 2.2 kernels, and in2.0.35 for slackware 3.6, soundblaster 16 is precompiled as a module,thats why i dont need to recompile kernel with support (because i usea sb16-card.Because of this, all i have to do is to load the module, but for othercards than sound blaster you will need to recompile your kernel.</PRE><P>Please feel free to add the appropriate information to this section by <A HREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">dropping me a line</A>.</P><A NAME="distrib_other"></A><H4><A NAME="5">Sound Configuration on Other Distributions</A></H4><P>If you know what sound configuration utility your distributionuses, please write in and <A HREF="mailto:jgo@local.net">letme know</A>.</P><P>Otherwise, you're out of luck for now. Read the rest of this guide,or wait indefinitely until I update this page.</P><A NAME="kernelconfig"></A><H3><A NAME="6">Configuring Your Kernel</A></H3><P>The kernel sources could probably already be installed in your<TT>/usr/src/linux</TT> directory. Go there using <B><TT>cd/usr/src/linux</TT></B>. If it doesn't exist, then you need to grabyourself a copy of the kernel sources. Follow the downloadinstructions on another page, <A HREF="linux-kernel.html">Compiling aNew Kernel</A>. That page delves deeper into the process of compilinga new kernel, also.</P><P>Get into kernel configuration using the <B><TT>make config</TT></B>or <B><TT>make menuconfig</TT></B> command. I prefer <B><TT>makemenuconfig</TT></B> because it allows me to go back and check for anymistakes, unlike <B><TT>make config</TT></B>. If you want an Xinterface to configure your kernel's settings, you can also use<B><TT>make xconfig</TT></B>.</P><P>Once you're in, configure all the other stuff that you need to(according to <A HREF="linux-kernel.html">Compiling a New Kernel</A>,and then configure sound.</P><A NAME="menuconfig"></A><H4><A NAME="7">Using "make menuconfig"?</A></H4><P>If you're using <B><TT>make menuconfig</TT></B> to configure yourkernel, just scroll down to "Sound" with the arrow keys andthen press [Enter]. It will probably say "Sound cardsupport" and alongside that, a checkbox. While that'shighlighted, just type in "y" (standing for "Yes")to enable it. Basically, the controls are typing "y" toinclude support for something in the kernel, typing "m" tomake something a loadable module which is separate from the kernel,and "n" to disable support for something. The controls forthis interface are explained near the top of the screen.</P><A NAME="soundcardconfig"></A><H4><A NAME="8">Configuring the Soundcard and Other Stuff You Need</A></H4><P>The configuration, no matter what you use, should ask you what typeof card you have. Some that are listed include the Sound Blaster(various types... I have the SB16 PnP), the PAS16, the ESS soundcards,and other less-common cards. If your card is listed as Sound Blastercompatible you should enable support for the Sound Blaster. Bydefault, none of these cards is supported (answered "Yes"to), so choose wisely, grasshopper. Also, only enable support for thecard you need, if possible, because that will keep your kernel smalland will prevent potential problems when the kernel tries to detectall the supported cards.</P><P>There are some other items that you may never have heard of, suchas "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support" or "6850UART MIDI support". According to <AHREF="mailto:aristiana@videotron.ca">Claudine Langlois</A>,<I>"OPL2 / OPL3 is a standard made by Yamaha for MIDI files. It'sin the chipset of the sound card and it helps to have a much muchbetter sound when the program that reads the file knows how to useOPL2/OPL3. Believe me, it's worth to be heard. Of course, OPL3 isbetter than OPL2..."</I>. And for that 6850 UART MIDI stuff,<I>"6850 is a standard for a FIFO buffer for the game port on aPC. MIDI support means to plug a synthetiser in the game port of thesound card. By the way, UART means Universal AsynchronousReceiver/Transmitter."</I>. Thanks to Claudine and all the otherswho wrote in about this.</P> <P>If there are options for them, enable support for <B>/dev/audio</B>and <B>/dev/dsp</B>. New kernels do not have options for these,because supporting them is automatic when one enables soundsupport. In <B>make menuconfig</B> this can be done by simply pressing"y" when "/dev/audio and /dev/dsp support" ishighlighted.</P><P>More items you will probably want to enable are support for MIDI,FM synthesizer support, and /dev/sequencer support. If you don't haveeven a vague clue as to what these do, basically they're for playingfiles that have specific instructions to the machine to play certainsounds.</P><A NAME="sysinfo"></A><H4><A NAME="9">System Information</A></H4><P>It's highly recommended that you write down or memorize thesettings that your system is using. Most importantly, what I have inmind are the IRQ settings, the DMA channels, and the I/O baseaddresses. The kernel configuration will ask for this.</P><P>Use <B>cat</B> to print out the information about your system, suchas the I/O base addresses (/proc/ioports), DMA channels (/proc/dma),IRQs (/proc/interrupts), and any devices you might be interested in(/proc/devices).</P><A NAME="recompile"></A><H3><A NAME="10">Recompiling the Kernel</A></H3><P>Now is the time to recompile the kernel. There's more informationon how to compile a kernel located in <A HREF="linux-kernel.html">thispart</A> of this Linux guide, but if you're already familiar withcompiling a kernel, then it's safe for you to read on.</P><P>Basically after you type in <B><TT>make dep</TT></B> and<B><TT>make clean</TT></B> to make the depenencies and clean out theold junk from your last kernel compilation (if any), type in <B>makezImage</B>. This should compile the kernel. After you're taken back tothe prompt then you should type <B><TT>make modules</TT></B> and then<B><TT>make modules_install</TT></B> to compile all the modules, whichare these little itty bitty files that are loaded for something thatwas not directly compiled into the Linux kernel (a single file). Then⌨️ 快捷键说明
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