tinyxml.h

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/*
Copyright (c) 2000 Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied 
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any 
damages arising from the use of this software.

Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any 
purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and 
redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must 
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this 
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation 
would be appreciated but is not required.

2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
must not be misrepresented as being the original software.

3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source 
distribution.
*/


#ifndef TINYXML_INCLUDED
#define TINYXML_INCLUDED

#pragma warning( disable : 4530 )
#pragma warning( disable : 4786 )

#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

class TiXmlDocument;
class TiXmlElement;
class TiXmlComment;
class TiXmlUnknown;
class TiXmlAttribute;
class TiXmlText;
class TiXmlDeclaration;


// Help out windows:
#if defined( _DEBUG ) && !defined( DEBUG )
	#define DEBUG
#endif

#if defined( DEBUG ) && defined( _MSC_VER )
	#include <windows.h>
	#define TIXML_LOG OutputDebugString
#else
	#define TIXML_LOG printf
#endif 


/** TiXmlBase is a base class for every class in TinyXml.
	It does little except to establish that TinyXml classes
	can be printed and provide some utility functions.

	In XML, the document and elements can contain
	other elements and other types of nodes.

	@verbatim
	A Document can contain:	Element	(container or leaf)
							Comment (leaf)
							Unknown (leaf)
							Declaration( leaf )

	An Element can contain:	Element (container or leaf)
							Text	(leaf)
							Attributes (not on tree)
							Comment (leaf)
							Unknown (leaf)

	A Decleration contains: Attributes (not on tree)
	@endverbatim
*/
class TiXmlBase
{
	friend class TiXmlNode;
	friend class TiXmlElement;
	friend class TiXmlDocument;
 
  public:
	TiXmlBase()								{}	
	virtual ~TiXmlBase()					{}
	
	/**	All TinyXml classes can print themselves to a filestream.
		This is a formatted print, and will insert tabs and newlines.
		
		(For an unformatted stream, use the << operator.)
	*/
 	virtual void Print( FILE* cfile, int depth ) const = 0;

	// [internal] Underlying implementation of the operator <<
	virtual void StreamOut ( std::ostream* out ) const = 0;

	/**	The world does not agree on whether white space should be kept or
		not. In order to make everyone happy, these global, static functions
		are provided to set whether or not TinyXml will condense all white space
		into a single space or not. The default is to condense. Note changing these
		values is not thread safe.
	*/
	static void SetCondenseWhiteSpace( bool condense )		{ condenseWhiteSpace = condense; }

	/// Return the current white space setting.
	static bool IsWhiteSpaceCondensed()						{ return condenseWhiteSpace; }

  protected:
	static const char* SkipWhiteSpace( const char* );
	static bool StreamWhiteSpace( std::istream* in, std::string* tag );
	static bool IsWhiteSpace( int c )		{ return ( isspace( c ) || c == '\n' || c == '\r' ); }

	/*	Read to the specified character.
		Returns true if the character found and no error.
	*/
	static bool StreamTo( std::istream* in, int character, std::string* tag );

	/*	Reads an XML name into the string provided. Returns
		a pointer just past the last character of the name, 
		or 0 if the function has an error.
	*/
	static const char* ReadName( const char*, std::string* name );

	/*	Reads text. Returns a pointer past the given end tag.
		Wickedly complex options, but it keeps the (sensitive) code in one place.
	*/
	static const char* ReadText(	const char* in,				// where to start
									std::string* text,			// the string read
									bool ignoreWhiteSpace,		// whether to keep the white space
									const char* endTag,			// what ends this text
									bool ignoreCase );			// whether to ignore case in the end tag

	virtual const char* Parse( const char* p ) = 0;

	// If an entity has been found, transform it into a character.
	static const char* GetEntity( const char* in, char* value );

	// Get a character, while interpreting entities.
	inline static const char* GetChar( const char* p, char* value )		
											{		
												assert( p );
												if ( *p == '&' ) 
												{
													return GetEntity( p, value );
												}
												else 
												{
													*value = *p;
													return p+1;
												}
											}

	// Puts a string to a stream, expanding entities as it goes.
	// Note this should not contian the '<', '>', etc, or they will be transformed into entities!
	static void PutString( const std::string& str, std::ostream* stream );

	// Return true if the next characters in the stream are any of the endTag sequences.
	bool static StringEqual(	const char* p, 
								const char* endTag, 
								bool ignoreCase );
													

	enum
	{
		TIXML_NO_ERROR = 0,
		TIXML_ERROR,
		TIXML_ERROR_OPENING_FILE,
		TIXML_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
		TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT,
		TIXML_ERROR_FAILED_TO_READ_ELEMENT_NAME,
		TIXML_ERROR_READING_ELEMENT_VALUE,
		TIXML_ERROR_READING_ATTRIBUTES,
		TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_EMPTY,
		TIXML_ERROR_READING_END_TAG,
		TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN,
		TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT,
		TIXML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION,
		TIXML_ERROR_DOCUMENT_EMPTY,

		TIXML_ERROR_STRING_COUNT
	};
	static const char* errorString[ TIXML_ERROR_STRING_COUNT ];

  private:
	struct Entity
	{
		const char*     str;
		unsigned int	strLength;
		int			    chr;
	};
	enum
	{
		NUM_ENTITY = 5,
		MAX_ENTITY_LENGTH = 6

	};
	static Entity entity[ NUM_ENTITY ];
	static bool condenseWhiteSpace;
};


/** The parent class for everything in the Document Object Model.
	(Except for attributes, which are contained in elements.)
	Nodes have siblings, a parent, and children. A node can be
	in a document, or stand on its own. The type of a TiXmlNode
	can be queried, and it can be cast to its more defined type.
*/
class TiXmlNode : public TiXmlBase
{
  public:

	/** An output stream operator, for every class. Note that this outputs
		without any newlines or formatting, as opposed to Print(), which
		includes tabs and new lines.

		The operator<< and operator>> are not completely symmetric. Writing
		a node to a stream is very well defined. You'll get a nice stream
		of output, without any extra whitespace or newlines. 
		
		But reading is not as well defined. (As it always is.) If you create
		a TiXmlElement (for example) and read that from an input stream,
		the text needs to define an element or junk will result. This is
		true of all input streams, but it's worth keeping in mind.

		A TiXmlDocument will read nodes until it reads a root element.
	*/
	friend std::ostream& operator<< ( std::ostream& out, const TiXmlNode& base )
	{
		base.StreamOut( &out );
		return out;
	}

	/** An input stream operator, for every class. Tolerant of newlines and
		formatting, but doesn't expect them.
	*/
	friend std::istream& operator>> ( std::istream& in, TiXmlNode& base )
	{
		std::string tag;
		tag.reserve( 8 * 1000 );
		base.StreamIn( &in, &tag );
		
		base.Parse( tag.c_str() );
		return in;
	}

	/** The types of XML nodes supported by TinyXml. (All the
		unsupported types are picked up by UNKNOWN.)
	*/
	enum NodeType 
	{
		DOCUMENT, 
		ELEMENT, 
		COMMENT, 
		UNKNOWN, 
		TEXT, 
		DECLARATION, 
		TYPECOUNT
	};

	virtual ~TiXmlNode();

	/** The meaning of 'value' changes for the specific type of
		TiXmlNode.
		@verbatim
		Document:	filename of the xml file
		Element:	name of the element
		Comment:	the comment text
		Unknown:	the tag contents
		Text:		the text string
		@endverbatim

		The subclasses will wrap this function.
	*/
	const std::string& Value()	const			{ return value; }

	/** Changes the value of the node. Defined as:
		@verbatim
		Document:	filename of the xml file
		Element:	name of the element
		Comment:	the comment text
		Unknown:	the tag contents
		Text:		the text string
		@endverbatim
	*/
	void SetValue( const std::string& _value )		{ value = _value; }

	/// Delete all the children of this node. Does not affect 'this'.
	void Clear();

	/// One step up the DOM.
	TiXmlNode* Parent() const					{ return parent; }

	TiXmlNode* FirstChild()	const	{ return firstChild; }		///< The first child of this node. Will be null if there are no children.
	TiXmlNode* FirstChild( const std::string& value ) const;	///< The first child of this node with the matching 'value'. Will be null if none found.
	
	TiXmlNode* LastChild() const	{ return lastChild; }		/// The last child of this node. Will be null if there are no children.
	TiXmlNode* LastChild( const std::string& value ) const;		/// The last child of this node matching 'value'. Will be null if there are no children.

	/** An alternate way to walk the children of a node.
		One way to iterate over nodes is:
		@verbatim
			for( child = parent->FirstChild(); child; child = child->NextSibling() )
		@endverbatim

		IterateChildren does the same thing with the syntax:
		@verbatim
			child = 0;
			while( child = parent->IterateChildren( child ) )
		@endverbatim

		IterateChildren takes the previous child as input and finds
		the next one. If the previous child is null, it returns the
		first. IterateChildren will return null when done.
	*/
	TiXmlNode* IterateChildren( TiXmlNode* previous ) const;

	/// This flavor of IterateChildren searches for children with a particular 'value'
	TiXmlNode* IterateChildren( const std::string& value, TiXmlNode* previous ) const;
		
	/** Add a new node related to this. Adds a child past the LastChild.
		Returns a pointer to the new object or NULL if an error occured.
	*/
	TiXmlNode* InsertEndChild( const TiXmlNode& addThis );					

	/** Add a new node related to this. Adds a child before the specified child.
		Returns a pointer to the new object or NULL if an error occured.
	*/
	TiXmlNode* InsertBeforeChild( TiXmlNode* beforeThis, const TiXmlNode& addThis );

	/** Add a new node related to this. Adds a child after the specified child.
		Returns a pointer to the new object or NULL if an error occured.
	*/
	TiXmlNode* InsertAfterChild(  TiXmlNode* afterThis, const TiXmlNode& addThis );
	
	/** Replace a child of this node.
		Returns a pointer to the new object or NULL if an error occured.
	*/
	TiXmlNode* ReplaceChild( TiXmlNode* replaceThis, const TiXmlNode& withThis );
	
	/// Delete a child of this node.
	bool RemoveChild( TiXmlNode* removeThis );

	/// Navigate to a sibling node.
	TiXmlNode* PreviousSibling() const			{ return prev; }

	/// Navigate to a sibling node.
	TiXmlNode* PreviousSibling( const std::string& ) const;
	
	/// Navigate to a sibling node.
	TiXmlNode* NextSibling() const				{ return next; }

	/// Navigate to a sibling node with the given 'value'.
	TiXmlNode* NextSibling( const std::string& ) const;

	/** Convenience function to get through elements. 
		Calls NextSibling and ToElement. Will skip all non-Element
		nodes. Returns 0 if there is not another element.
	*/
	TiXmlElement* NextSiblingElement() const;

	/** Convenience function to get through elements. 
		Calls NextSibling and ToElement. Will skip all non-Element
		nodes. Returns 0 if there is not another element.
	*/
	TiXmlElement* NextSiblingElement( const std::string& ) const;

	/// Convenience function to get through elements.
	TiXmlElement* FirstChildElement()	const;
	
	/// Convenience function to get through elements.
	TiXmlElement* FirstChildElement( const std::string& value ) const;

	/// Query the type (as an enumerated value, above) of this node.
	virtual int Type() const	{ return type; }

	/** Return a pointer to the Document this node lives in. 
		Returns null if not in a document.
	*/
	TiXmlDocument* GetDocument() const;

	/// Returns true if this node has no children.
	bool NoChildren() const						{ return !firstChild; }

	TiXmlDocument* ToDocument()	const		{ return ( this && type == DOCUMENT ) ? (TiXmlDocument*) this : 0; } ///< Cast to a more defined type. Will return null not of the requested type.
	TiXmlElement*  ToElement() const		{ return ( this && type == ELEMENT  ) ? (TiXmlElement*)  this : 0; } ///< Cast to a more defined type. Will return null not of the requested type.
	TiXmlComment*  ToComment() const		{ return ( this && type == COMMENT  ) ? (TiXmlComment*)  this : 0; } ///< Cast to a more defined type. Will return null not of the requested type.
	TiXmlUnknown*  ToUnknown() const		{ return ( this && type == UNKNOWN  ) ? (TiXmlUnknown*)  this : 0; } ///< Cast to a more defined type. Will return null not of the requested type.
	TiXmlText*	   ToText()    const		{ return ( this && type == TEXT     ) ? (TiXmlText*)     this : 0; } ///< Cast to a more defined type. Will return null not of the requested type.
	TiXmlDeclaration* ToDeclaration() const	{ return ( this && type == DECLARATION ) ? (TiXmlDeclaration*) this : 0; } ///< Cast to a more defined type. Will return null not of the requested type.

	virtual TiXmlNode* Clone() const = 0;

	// The real work of the input operator.
	virtual void StreamIn( std::istream* in, std::string* tag ) = 0;

  protected:
	TiXmlNode( NodeType type );

	// The node is passed in by ownership. This object will delete it.
	TiXmlNode* LinkEndChild( TiXmlNode* addThis );